{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403945159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","title":"Worth the weight: An examination of unstructured and structured data in graduate admissions.","display_name":"Worth the weight: An examination of unstructured and structured data in graduate admissions.","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403945159","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/dec0000251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175686","display_name":"Decision","issn_l":"2325-9965","issn":["2325-9965","2325-9973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Decision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071539483","display_name":"James Alexander Adaryukov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-8697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-8697"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Adaryukov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-8697","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061099408","display_name":"Monica Biernat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-7050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1593-7050"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Biernat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078452888","display_name":"Jeffrey M. Girard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-3746","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-3746"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey M. Girard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-3746","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039855974","display_name":"Adrian J. Villicana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-5666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-5666"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian J. Villicana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041381906","display_name":"Timothy Joseph Pleskac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-1900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5761-1900"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timothy J. Pleskac","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23166988,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"30"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.7973999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.029500000178813934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-admissions","display_name":"postgraduate admission","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unstructured-data","display_name":"unstructured data","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structured-data","display_name":"structured data","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applicant-evaluation","display_name":"applicant evaluation","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4449745714664459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4295696020126343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781252014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141900","display_name":"Unstructured data","level":3,"score":0.41039371490478516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30430832505226135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29492485523223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.11664053797721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.06624063849449158}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/dec0000251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175686","display_name":"Decision","issn_l":"2325-9965","issn":["2325-9965","2325-9973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Decision","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31234/osf.io/j9yeq","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j9yeq","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/j9yeq","pdf_url":"https://psyarxiv.com/j9yeq/download","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:e002e5e8-d378-4c1d-bca7-b896198deedf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/j9yeq","pdf_url":"https://osf.io/j9yeq","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0012-98B-6A0","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/j9yeq/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401687","display_name":"PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:E0119-1AA-AE1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://osf.io/sfhm2/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/dec0000251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/dec0000251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175686","display_name":"Decision","issn_l":"2325-9965","issn":["2325-9965","2325-9973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Decision","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5303479680","display_name":"Race and gender stereotyping in evaluative language","funder_award_id":"1349043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403945159.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403945159.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W534311","https://openalex.org/W821992201","https://openalex.org/W1516964807","https://openalex.org/W1984251878","https://openalex.org/W1986808060","https://openalex.org/W1989277811","https://openalex.org/W1993325457","https://openalex.org/W1995529231","https://openalex.org/W2000447537","https://openalex.org/W2003572022","https://openalex.org/W2019833646","https://openalex.org/W2033743788","https://openalex.org/W2040224636","https://openalex.org/W2060622042","https://openalex.org/W2069078812","https://openalex.org/W2082648300","https://openalex.org/W2096016260","https://openalex.org/W2096974619","https://openalex.org/W2106510587","https://openalex.org/W2108720145","https://openalex.org/W2113533029","https://openalex.org/W2115281393","https://openalex.org/W2125375925","https://openalex.org/W2128022323","https://openalex.org/W2128925311","https://openalex.org/W2129728285","https://openalex.org/W2130174911","https://openalex.org/W2131886002","https://openalex.org/W2134764642","https://openalex.org/W2150025966","https://openalex.org/W2159426623","https://openalex.org/W2160223527","https://openalex.org/W2170508806","https://openalex.org/W2203714058","https://openalex.org/W2223092947","https://openalex.org/W2284504673","https://openalex.org/W2306119308","https://openalex.org/W2327638283","https://openalex.org/W2418698374","https://openalex.org/W2465750682","https://openalex.org/W2481795101","https://openalex.org/W2604363883","https://openalex.org/W2749069611","https://openalex.org/W2766160192","https://openalex.org/W2793062952","https://openalex.org/W2799700442","https://openalex.org/W2800894883","https://openalex.org/W2807743726","https://openalex.org/W2810201385","https://openalex.org/W2899519807","https://openalex.org/W2905214874","https://openalex.org/W2914140543","https://openalex.org/W2963824633","https://openalex.org/W2963977107","https://openalex.org/W3144900023","https://openalex.org/W3147107362","https://openalex.org/W3149891919","https://openalex.org/W3165340764","https://openalex.org/W4200266794","https://openalex.org/W4214740783","https://openalex.org/W4220960110","https://openalex.org/W4237791300","https://openalex.org/W4241246521","https://openalex.org/W4281608924","https://openalex.org/W4284881574","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4310341342","https://openalex.org/W4313357586","https://openalex.org/W4367048273","https://openalex.org/W4388366673","https://openalex.org/W4391349428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7135295458","https://openalex.org/W2584309369","https://openalex.org/W7048320776","https://openalex.org/W2597689262","https://openalex.org/W292025518","https://openalex.org/W4401555385","https://openalex.org/W2402292547","https://openalex.org/W7096474370","https://openalex.org/W6931914774","https://openalex.org/W2185706972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"graduate":[1,56,69,230],"admissions,":[2],"as":[3,188],"in":[4,143],"many":[5],"multiattribute":[6,38],"decisions,":[7],"evaluators":[8],"must":[9],"judgecandidates":[10],"from":[11,43],"a":[12,61],"flood":[13],"of":[14,26,37,64,74,89,113,150,217,227],"information,":[15],"including":[16],"recommendation":[17,166],"letters,":[18],"personalstatements,":[19],"grades,":[20],"and":[21,51,80,104,126,133,135,162,168],"standardized":[22],"test":[23],"scores.":[24],"Some":[25],"this":[27],"information":[28,121,196],"is":[29,32,53],"structured,while":[30],"some":[31,175],"unstructured.":[33],"Yet":[34],"most":[35,141],"studies":[36],"decisions":[39,83,232],"focus":[40],"on":[41,109,229],"decisionsmade":[42],"structured":[44,50],"information.":[45,137],"This":[46],"study":[47],"evaluated":[48],"how":[49],"unstructuredinformation":[52],"used":[54],"within":[55],"admissions":[57,82,185,212,231],"decisions.":[58],"We":[59,138],"examined":[60],"uniquelycomprehensive":[62],"dataset":[63],"N":[65],"=":[66],"2,":[67],"231":[68],"applications":[70],"to":[71,106,118,148,197],"the":[72,122,127,144,165],"University":[73],"Kansas,containing":[75],"full":[76],"application":[77],"packages,":[78],"demographics,":[79],"final":[81],"for":[84,199],"eachapplicant.":[85],"To":[86],"make":[87],"sense":[88],"our":[90],"documents,":[91,213],"we":[92,204],"applied":[93],"structural":[94],"topic":[95,102,177],"modeling":[96],"(STM),":[97],"atopic":[98],"model":[99],"that":[100,140,184,206],"allows":[101],"content":[103],"prevalence":[105],"covary":[107],"based":[108],"other":[110],"metadata(e.g.,":[111],"department":[112],"study).":[114],"STM":[115],"allowed":[116],"us":[117],"examine":[119],"what":[120],"letters":[123,167],"andstatements":[124],"contain,":[125],"relationships":[128],"between":[129],"variables":[130],"like":[131],"gender":[132,163],"race":[134],"thetextual":[136],"found":[139,183,205],"topics":[142,207],"unstructured":[145,195],"data":[146],"related":[147],"specificfields":[149],"study.":[151],"The":[152,225],"STMs":[153],"did":[154,173],"not":[155],"uncover":[156],"strong":[157],"differences":[158],"among":[159],"applicants":[160,172],"regardingrace":[161],"though":[164],"personal":[169],"statements":[170],"forinternational":[171],"show":[174],"different":[176],"profiles":[178],"than":[179,211],"domestic":[180],"applicants.We":[181],"also":[182],"decision-makers":[186],"behaved":[187],"if":[189,201],"they":[190],"prioritized":[191],"structurednumeric":[192],"metrics,":[193],"using":[194,218],"check":[198],"disqualifications,":[200],"at":[202],"all.However,":[203],"were":[208],"less":[209],"reliable":[210],"meaning":[214],"thatadditional":[215],"ways":[216],"them":[219],"cannot":[220],"be":[221],"completely":[222],"ruled":[223],"out.":[224],"implications":[226],"ourfindings":[228],"are":[233],"discussed.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-11-01T00:00:00"}