{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403872467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","title":"Sharp Power and the case of Turkey: theory and empirical process","display_name":"Sharp Power and the case of Turkey: theory and empirical process","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403872467","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737998943","display_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","issn_l":"2331-1886","issn":["2331-1886"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015984584","display_name":"Spyridon N. Litsas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-7872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-7872"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192756129","display_name":"University of Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg6gr82","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sp. N. Litsas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International and European Studies, University of Macedonia","Department of International and European Studies, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-7872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International and European Studies, University of Macedonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International and European Studies, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192756129"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048241110","display_name":"Petros Violakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259498","display_name":"Rabdan Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02ap92826","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259498"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Petros Violakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Homeland Security, Rabdan Academy","Department of Homeland Security, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-0592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Homeland Security, Rabdan Academy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Homeland Security, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048241110"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259498"],"apc_list":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"apc_paid":{"value":950,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1165},"fwci":0.7979,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72805642,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.8125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.8125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11783","display_name":"Turkey's Politics and Society","score":0.17870000004768372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13210","display_name":"Historical Turkish Studies","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sharp-power","display_name":"sharp power","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-power","display_name":"soft power","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish-foreign-policy","display_name":"Turkish foreign policy","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recep-tayyip-erdogan","display_name":"Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propaganda","display_name":"propaganda","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-power","display_name":"hard power","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkey-s-international-relations","display_name":"Turkey's international relations","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.551281213760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5332545638084412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4059256315231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3683389127254486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.35056033730506897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23795568943023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.17119890451431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15012747049331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737998943","display_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","issn_l":"2331-1886","issn":["2331-1886"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a7c8da9883443d19a646a5bf1f129e8","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a7c8da9883443d19a646a5bf1f129e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 1 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlyworks.ra.ac.ae:123456789/1889","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064534","display_name":"Rabdan Academy Digital Repository (Rabdan Academy)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/85208778890","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737998943","display_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","issn_l":"2331-1886","issn":["2331-1886"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311767","host_organization_name":"Cogent OA","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311767"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cogent OA"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cogent Social Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W388482701","https://openalex.org/W602863267","https://openalex.org/W953425024","https://openalex.org/W1534402053","https://openalex.org/W1927177912","https://openalex.org/W1970250317","https://openalex.org/W1978623080","https://openalex.org/W2001441241","https://openalex.org/W2009547883","https://openalex.org/W2064765967","https://openalex.org/W2083463064","https://openalex.org/W2120552193","https://openalex.org/W2122572479","https://openalex.org/W2138935997","https://openalex.org/W2307096772","https://openalex.org/W2341957645","https://openalex.org/W2478555833","https://openalex.org/W2582561810","https://openalex.org/W2607257791","https://openalex.org/W2735094047","https://openalex.org/W2747498120","https://openalex.org/W2751589903","https://openalex.org/W2759693232","https://openalex.org/W2768307920","https://openalex.org/W2789691791","https://openalex.org/W2791290426","https://openalex.org/W2883229435","https://openalex.org/W2890701913","https://openalex.org/W2942251634","https://openalex.org/W2944294565","https://openalex.org/W2998184927","https://openalex.org/W3003132428","https://openalex.org/W3048406575","https://openalex.org/W3083938717","https://openalex.org/W3084725078","https://openalex.org/W3122628754","https://openalex.org/W3125618971","https://openalex.org/W3146925631","https://openalex.org/W3160457716","https://openalex.org/W3163561627","https://openalex.org/W3172887533","https://openalex.org/W4231664290","https://openalex.org/W4241660812","https://openalex.org/W4386304279","https://openalex.org/W4402145635","https://openalex.org/W6618316576","https://openalex.org/W6812191820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7043129488","https://openalex.org/W2061075448","https://openalex.org/W7165749122","https://openalex.org/W3172817084","https://openalex.org/W3003401883","https://openalex.org/W2297098244","https://openalex.org/W16163946","https://openalex.org/W4390922371","https://openalex.org/W6888794502","https://openalex.org/W4213011395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1,37,104],"covers":[2],"the":[3,9,20,28,39,73,84,89,100,110,132,158],"conceptual":[4],"transition":[5],"of":[6,11,15,24,135,151],"Power":[7,51],"from":[8,88,162],"era":[10],"Hard":[12],"to":[13,77,93,117,123,164],"that":[14,106,113],"Sharp,":[16],"namely.":[17],"It":[18],"presents":[19],"main":[21],"theoretical":[22],"aspects":[23],"Sharp":[25,48,138,152],"Power,":[26],"identifying":[27],"empirical":[29],"process":[30,41],"with":[31],"Russia":[32],"and":[33,49,52,58,127,137,153],"China.":[34],"However,":[35],"this":[36,107,141],"takes":[38],"analytical":[40],"a":[42,80,95],"step":[43],"further":[44],"by":[45,157],"presenting":[46],"Turkish":[47,133,159],"Soft":[50,136,154],"its":[53,128],"methods":[54],"in":[55,72,99],"both":[56],"domestic":[57],"foreign":[59],"policy,":[60],"which":[61],"combined":[62],"constitute":[63],"Compelling":[64],"Power.":[65,139],"For":[66],"various":[67],"analysts,":[68],"Turkey\u2019s":[69],"current":[70],"route":[71],"international":[74,101],"system":[75],"seems":[76],"have":[78],"taken":[79],"peculiar":[81],"turn":[82,108],"since":[83],"state":[85],"moves":[86],"away":[87],"Western":[90],"world,":[91],"trying":[92],"adopt":[94],"more":[96],"independent":[97],"stance":[98],"arena.":[102],"The":[103],"argues":[105],"concerns":[109],"Neo-Ottoman":[111],"identity":[112],"R.T.":[114],"Erdogan":[115],"strives":[116],"give":[118],"his":[119],"nation.":[120],"In":[121],"order":[122],"achieve":[124],"this,":[125],"Ankara":[126],"propaganda":[129],"mechanisms":[130],"developed":[131],"version":[134],"Given":[140],"rationale,":[142],"an":[143],"evaluation":[144],"is":[145],"being":[146],"conducted":[147],"on":[148],"numerous":[149],"instances":[150],"power":[155],"implementation":[156],"government":[160],"spanning":[161],"2009":[163],"2021.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-10-30T00:00:00"}
