{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403835530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","title":"Identification of Kidney Cell Types in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Data Using Machine-Learning Algorithms","display_name":"Identification of Kidney Cell Types in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Data Using Machine-Learning Algorithms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403835530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059015768","display_name":"Siddharth Madapoosi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-0449","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-0449"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth S. Madapoosi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093831247","display_name":"Adam Tisch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Tisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Stephen A. Blough","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen A. Blough","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102611587","display_name":"Jan Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9886-3907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9886-3907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan S. Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091542186","display_name":"Sean F. Eddy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-3443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-3443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Eddy","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069873786","display_name":"Abhijit S. Naik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-9425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1602-9425"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhijit S. Naik","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035165260","display_name":"Christine P. Limonte","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-7428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-7428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christine P. Limonte","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029795896","display_name":"Phillip J. McCown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-1931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8012-1931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phillip J. McCown","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078425221","display_name":"Rajasree Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-9639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6280-9639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajasree Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086540785","display_name":"Sylvia E. Rosas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-4002","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-4002"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293231726","display_name":"Joslin Diabetes Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0280a3n32","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293231726"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia E. Rosas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joslin Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joslin Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293231726"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040529362","display_name":"Chirag R. Parikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-7385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9051-7385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chirag R. Parikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110694188","display_name":"Laura Mariani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-9884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-9884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura H. Mariani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073141203","display_name":"Matthias Kretzler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-0582","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-0582","https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0511-7208"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Kretzler","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006562407","display_name":"Ahmed Essam Mahfouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-2149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-2149"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mahfouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027472939","display_name":"Fadhl Alakwaa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-7960","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-7960"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadhl Alakwaa","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13437462,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"10S","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11289","display_name":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10015","display_name":"Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-cell-types","display_name":"kidney cell types","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-type-identification","display_name":"cell type annotation","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-cell-rna-sequencing","display_name":"single-cell RNA sequencing","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-nucleus-rna-sequencing","display_name":"single-nucleus RNA sequencing","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning-classification","display_name":"machine learning classification","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"multilayer perceptron","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integration","display_name":"data integration","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximal-tubular-epithelial-cells","display_name":"proximal tubular epithelial cells","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kidney-fibroblasts","display_name":"kidney fibroblasts","score":0.7979999780654907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.6796672344207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6093332767486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5090650916099548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174749747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15917269","display_name":"Single cell sequencing","level":5,"score":0.4782511293888092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.4564909338951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43685290217399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38355132937431335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.37071627378463745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.1828141212463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.130156010389328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5420592","display_name":"Exome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.11300581693649292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501734568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42918","display_name":"Mutation","level":3,"score":0.09033617377281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2024qx0f9jkh","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S115693375","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","issn_l":"1046-6673","issn":["1046-6673","1533-3450"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315620","host_organization_name":"American Society of Nephrology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Nephrology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402878594","https://openalex.org/W4296804050","https://openalex.org/W4406164678","https://openalex.org/W4377023457","https://openalex.org/W7132466119","https://openalex.org/W4393085007","https://openalex.org/W4409564453","https://openalex.org/W2995410603","https://openalex.org/W7011266676","https://openalex.org/W3200183154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Single-cell":[1],"RNA":[2,6],"(scRNA)":[3],"and":[4,29,57,99,107,125,158,171,186,206,223],"single-nucleus":[5],"(snRNA)":[7],"sequencing":[8],"offer":[9],"researchers":[10],"valuable":[11],"insight":[12],"into":[13],"the":[14,36,94,108,115,118,167,241,260],"biological":[15],"states":[16],"of":[17,38,75,103,117,127,133,141,262,279],"kidney":[18,61,72,218],"cells.":[19,129,208],"Manual":[20],"cell-type":[21],"annotation":[22],"requires":[23],"extensive":[24],"domain":[25],"expertise,":[26],"is":[27],"time-consuming,":[28],"limits":[30],"broad":[31],"scalability.":[32],"Methods:":[33],"We":[34,67,88,113],"compared":[35,114],"ability":[37],"different":[39,119],"machine":[40],"learning":[41],"(ML)":[42],"algorithms":[43,121,148,173,195,211],"including":[44],"support":[45],"vector":[46],"machines,":[47],"random":[48],"forests":[49],"(RF),":[50],"multilayer":[51],"perceptrons":[52],"(MLP),":[53],"k-nearest":[54],"neighbors":[55],"(KNN),":[56],"XGBoost":[58],"to":[59,166,179,214,224],"predict":[60],"cell":[62,144,151,176,219],"types":[63,152,177,220],"from":[64,78,221],"scRNA/snRNA-seq":[65],"data.":[66,229],"used":[68,100],"publicly":[69],"available":[70],"human":[71],"datasets":[73,106],"comprised":[74],"62,120":[76],"cells":[77,280],"40":[79],"donor":[80],"biopsies":[81],"included":[82],"in":[83,182],"5":[84,91,135,147],"expert-annotated":[85],"sc/snRNA-seq":[86],"studies.":[87],"integrated":[89],"all":[90,134,172],"studies":[92],"using":[93,122,197],"Seurat":[95],"rPCA":[96],"integration":[97,132],"protocol":[98],"inter-dataset":[101],"combinations":[102],"4":[104],"training":[105,180],"fifth":[109],"for":[110,200,203],"performance":[111,116],"testing.":[112],"ML":[120,194,210],"F1":[123,189,273],"scores":[124,190],"percentage":[126],"unknown":[128,160],"Results:":[130],"Upon":[131],"datasets,":[136],"we":[137],"identified":[138],"a":[139,225],"total":[140],"16":[142],"harmonized":[143],"types.":[145],"All":[146],"predicted":[149],"these":[150],"with":[153,240],"high":[154],"accuracy":[155,245],"(median":[156],"F1=0.94":[157],"1.8%":[159],"cells).":[161],"No":[162],"algorithm":[163,265],"was":[164],"superior":[165],"others":[168],"overall":[169],"(p>0.05)":[170],"successfully":[174],"rejected":[175],"naive":[178],"data,":[181],"particular":[183],"RF,":[184],"MLP,":[185],"KNN":[187],"models.":[188],"were":[191,212],"lower":[192],"across":[193,236],"when":[196],"snRNA-seq":[198,228],"data":[199],"testing,":[201],"particularly":[202],"proximal":[204],"tubule":[205],"fibroblast":[207],"Conclusion:":[209],"able":[213],"accurately":[215],"annotate":[216],"adult":[217],"scRNA-seq,":[222],"lesser":[226],"extent,":[227],"Our":[230],"study":[231],"methodology":[232],"may":[233],"be":[234],"applied":[235],"other":[237],"validation":[238],"cohorts":[239],"expectation":[242],"that":[243],"prediction":[244],"improves":[246],"over":[247],"time.":[248],"Funding:":[249],"NIDDK":[250,253,255],"Support":[251],"-":[252],"Support,":[254],"SupportFigure":[256],"1.":[257],"Heatmaps":[258],"demonstrating":[259],"performances":[261],"each":[263,267],"classification":[264],"on":[266],"testing":[268],"dataset":[269],"by":[270],"(a)":[271],"median":[272,277],"score":[274],"or":[275],"(b)":[276],"%":[278],"classified":[281],"as":[282],"unknown.":[283]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2024-10-29T00:00:00"}