{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403768484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","title":"Visualization Study on Oil Return Characteristics of Vapor Compression Heat Pump System","display_name":"Visualization Study on Oil Return Characteristics of Vapor Compression Heat Pump System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403768484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en17215299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5299/pdf?version=1729840360","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5299/pdf?version=1729840360","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuhao Tang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuhao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035935479","display_name":"Zhanfeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-7842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8266-7842"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanfeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000863307","display_name":"Tingxun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-4854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1135-4854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tingxun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, West Xingang Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000863307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":0.2685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46834424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"21","first_page":"5299","last_page":"5299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11529","display_name":"Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10850","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11774","display_name":"Adsorption and Cooling Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vapor-compression-heat-pump","display_name":"vapor compression heat pump","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-phase-flow-regimes","display_name":"two-phase flow patterns","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-film","display_name":"oil film","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressor-speed","display_name":"compressor speed","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refrigerant-charge","display_name":"refrigerant charge","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superheat","display_name":"superheat","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer-efficiency","display_name":"heat transfer efficiency","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36570524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615475","display_name":"Vapor-compression refrigeration","level":4,"score":0.6470291018486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199499590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266790","display_name":"Refrigerant","level":3,"score":0.6276907324790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776461528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131313","display_name":"Heat pump","level":3,"score":0.6240593194961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131097465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178898","display_name":"Gas compressor","level":2,"score":0.5789117813110352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184593036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279421","display_name":"Thermal expansion valve","level":4,"score":0.5698685646057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187949908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2044954","display_name":"Air source heat pumps","level":4,"score":0.486707478761673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.4729052782058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47264567017555237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37114186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644139","display_name":"Superheating","level":2,"score":0.43045222759246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189124","display_name":"Heat exchanger","level":2,"score":0.36510270833969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3430042564868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.32127615809440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.2708015441894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21512877941131592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18827542662620544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en17215299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5299/pdf?version=1729840360","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:21:p:5299-:d:1506266","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5299/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4aa33d3e435945d2b41647c49692912e","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4aa33d3e435945d2b41647c49692912e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 17, Iss 21, p 5299 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en17215299","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215299","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/21/5299/pdf?version=1729840360","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5694163692","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52176031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403768484.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403768484.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964073870","https://openalex.org/W1968960748","https://openalex.org/W1970382661","https://openalex.org/W1988105735","https://openalex.org/W1992657235","https://openalex.org/W1995977529","https://openalex.org/W2001383390","https://openalex.org/W2031684183","https://openalex.org/W2065942445","https://openalex.org/W2079851844","https://openalex.org/W2092616827","https://openalex.org/W2125552025","https://openalex.org/W2148261420","https://openalex.org/W2530099310","https://openalex.org/W2580452324","https://openalex.org/W2734710259","https://openalex.org/W2804189430","https://openalex.org/W2895572988","https://openalex.org/W3037772742","https://openalex.org/W3039227733","https://openalex.org/W3040619013","https://openalex.org/W4384700446","https://openalex.org/W4401900170","https://openalex.org/W7000014126","https://openalex.org/W7042060720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055013986","https://openalex.org/W2570335697","https://openalex.org/W2373750253","https://openalex.org/W2286937464","https://openalex.org/W3100459944","https://openalex.org/W2063033474","https://openalex.org/W4396855204","https://openalex.org/W3154592452","https://openalex.org/W4386877255","https://openalex.org/W2187292862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vapor":[0],"compression":[1,65],"heat":[2,21,48,57,66,122],"pump":[3,22,67],"technology":[4],"is":[5],"a":[6,16,63,117,126,151,168],"widely":[7],"utilized":[8],"method":[9],"for":[10],"energy":[11],"conversion.":[12],"Lubricating":[13],"oil":[14,44,77,93,108,129,156,172,176,188,190,195,212],"plays":[15],"crucial":[17],"role":[18],"in":[19,46,119,128,150,154,162,170],"the":[20,30,47,75,80,90,103,107,120,142,145,155,163,171,203],"system":[23,68,96],"cycle":[24],"by":[25],"effectively":[26],"reducing":[27],"wear":[28],"on":[29,95],"compressor\u2019s":[31],"moving":[32],"parts":[33],"and":[34,55,86,89,193],"preventing":[35],"refrigerant":[36,85,164],"leakage.":[37],"However,":[38],"it":[39,135],"can":[40,180],"also":[41],"create":[42],"an":[43,160],"film":[45,191],"exchange":[49],"equipment,":[50],"which":[51],"increases":[52,136],"thermal":[53],"resistance":[54],"diminishes":[56],"transfer":[58],"efficiency.":[59],"This":[60],"study":[61],"utilizes":[62],"vapor":[64],"test":[69],"bench":[70],"to":[71,125,202],"investigate":[72],"factors":[73],"influencing":[74],"system\u2019s":[76],"circulation":[78,94,109,130,157,173],"rate,":[79,158],"two-phase":[81],"flow":[82,178],"patterns":[83,198],"of":[84,92,144,205],"lubricating":[87],"oil,":[88],"impact":[91],"performance.":[97],"The":[98,175],"findings":[99],"reveal":[100],"that":[101],"as":[102],"compressor":[104],"speed":[105],"increases,":[106],"rate":[110],"initially":[111],"decreases":[112],"before":[113],"increasing":[114,141],"again.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"decrease":[118,153],"evaporator\u2019s":[121],"load":[123],"leads":[124],"reduction":[127],"at":[131,137],"high":[132],"temperatures,":[133],"while":[134],"low":[138],"temperatures.":[139],"Furthermore,":[140],"opening":[143],"electronic":[146],"expansion":[147],"valve":[148],"results":[149],"gradual":[152],"whereas":[159],"increase":[161],"charge":[165],"correlates":[166],"with":[167,207],"rise":[169],"rate.":[174],"return":[177],"pattern":[179],"primarily":[181],"be":[182],"categorized":[183],"into":[184],"three":[185],"states:":[186],"slow":[187],"return,":[189],"flow,":[192],"high-speed":[194],"return.":[196,213],"These":[197],"are":[199],"closely":[200],"related":[201],"degree":[204],"superheat,":[206],"lower":[208],"superheat":[209],"levels":[210],"intensifying":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}