{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403754495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","title":"Thermodynamic Space of Chemical Reaction Networks","display_name":"Thermodynamic Space of Chemical Reaction Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403754495","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/g875-ldn5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137042341","display_name":"Physical Review X","issn_l":"2160-3308","issn":["2160-3308"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003521988","display_name":"Shiling Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8443","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8443"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111875","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01bf9rw71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148197","display_name":"Center for Systems Biology Dresden","ror":"https://ror.org/05hrn3e05","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210111875","https://openalex.org/I4210148197","https://openalex.org/I4210159854","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159854","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics","ror":"https://ror.org/05b8d3w18","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiling Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Systems Biology Dresden","Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics","\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-8443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Systems Biology Dresden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148197"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159854"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055873619","display_name":"Paolo De Los Rios","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-5062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-5062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo De Los Rios","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-5062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005979522","display_name":"Daniel Maria Busiello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-5019","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-5019"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111875","display_name":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/01bf9rw71","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Maria Busiello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","University of Padova"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6754-5019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111875"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Padova","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4200},"apc_paid":{"value":4200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4200},"fwci":6.8003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95631282,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11520","display_name":"Advanced Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.026200000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.004000000189989805,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-reaction-networks","display_name":"chemical reaction networks","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-affinity","display_name":"chemical affinity","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-thermodynamics","display_name":"non-equilibrium thermodynamics","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"network topology","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-equilibrium-systems","display_name":"nonequilibrium systems","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.623568058013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99726746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906396","display_name":"Chemical space","level":3,"score":0.4761464595794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177801218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36534","display_name":"Chemical reaction","level":2,"score":0.41944313049316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3655564486980438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.32497891783714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3169475197792053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3125564455986023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2888895273208618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74187038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418791","display_name":"Drug discovery","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/g875-ldn5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137042341","display_name":"Physical Review X","issn_l":"2160-3308","issn":["2160-3308"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review X","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2407.11498","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11498","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.11498","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:20.500.14299/268741","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/268741","pdf_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/bitstreams/148b32a3-0466-4e9f-8825-b64939e35ce4/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","host_organization_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0143bd9676d14fedb20f0d7f4edb094d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0143bd9676d14fedb20f0d7f4edb094d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review X, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 041026 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2407.11498","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.11498","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2407.11498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/g875-ldn5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/g875-ldn5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137042341","display_name":"Physical Review X","issn_l":"2160-3308","issn":["2160-3308"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review X","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5599649393","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G628552264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"200020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8703311230","display_name":"Statistical Physics of Biological Systems","funder_award_id":"178763","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321966","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326625","display_name":"Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/0589kgd85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403754495.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403754495.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480095160","https://openalex.org/W1498566120","https://openalex.org/W1638774395","https://openalex.org/W1702351058","https://openalex.org/W1916389823","https://openalex.org/W1965754110","https://openalex.org/W1972657716","https://openalex.org/W1972890383","https://openalex.org/W1973897761","https://openalex.org/W1993397775","https://openalex.org/W1994656497","https://openalex.org/W2008875008","https://openalex.org/W2026655238","https://openalex.org/W2033237792","https://openalex.org/W2043582200","https://openalex.org/W2045223401","https://openalex.org/W2046760236","https://openalex.org/W2057180719","https://openalex.org/W2065433068","https://openalex.org/W2075786206","https://openalex.org/W2080593071","https://openalex.org/W2083786039","https://openalex.org/W2109369115","https://openalex.org/W2110355460","https://openalex.org/W2121905422","https://openalex.org/W2138192576","https://openalex.org/W2141727756","https://openalex.org/W2157125182","https://openalex.org/W2164898811","https://openalex.org/W2236970913","https://openalex.org/W2273149877","https://openalex.org/W2275389232","https://openalex.org/W2320613670","https://openalex.org/W2346261279","https://openalex.org/W2411835663","https://openalex.org/W2606897259","https://openalex.org/W2790922269","https://openalex.org/W2793662335","https://openalex.org/W2891870752","https://openalex.org/W2911585371","https://openalex.org/W2938789396","https://openalex.org/W2946695980","https://openalex.org/W2952741235","https://openalex.org/W2990075102","https://openalex.org/W2993292706","https://openalex.org/W2993830302","https://openalex.org/W3023573327","https://openalex.org/W3042376759","https://openalex.org/W3046417999","https://openalex.org/W3049441220","https://openalex.org/W3086766013","https://openalex.org/W3094296305","https://openalex.org/W3098106610","https://openalex.org/W3098829835","https://openalex.org/W3112214979","https://openalex.org/W3150151759","https://openalex.org/W3169541150","https://openalex.org/W3188961003","https://openalex.org/W3199126009","https://openalex.org/W3205563417","https://openalex.org/W4206255050","https://openalex.org/W4229063527","https://openalex.org/W4235508806","https://openalex.org/W4294073195","https://openalex.org/W4309867310","https://openalex.org/W4313448253","https://openalex.org/W4383187550","https://openalex.org/W4385664549","https://openalex.org/W4387569024","https://openalex.org/W4389626448","https://openalex.org/W4391481175","https://openalex.org/W4392683747","https://openalex.org/W4399212162","https://openalex.org/W4399448178","https://openalex.org/W4400535787","https://openalex.org/W4407194809","https://openalex.org/W4409216863","https://openalex.org/W4411885988","https://openalex.org/W4411932768","https://openalex.org/W4416217190"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3039457081","https://openalex.org/W2035675262","https://openalex.org/W3136285053","https://openalex.org/W4414958958","https://openalex.org/W2739734465","https://openalex.org/W7154710623","https://openalex.org/W1558085626","https://openalex.org/W4393899141","https://openalex.org/W3081357583","https://openalex.org/W7118351827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Living":[0],"systems":[1,55],"operate":[2],"out":[3],"of":[4,22,46,73,75,92,98,167,176,213],"equilibrium,":[5],"continuously":[6],"consuming":[7],"energy":[8],"to":[9,51,145,194,198],"sustain":[10],"organized,":[11],"functional":[12],"states.":[13],"Their":[14],"emergent":[15],"behavior":[16],"usually":[17],"relies":[18],"on":[19,120],"a":[20,63,76,93,107,181,191],"set":[21],"interconnected":[23],"chemical":[24,206],"reaction":[25,116],"networks":[26],"(CRNs)":[27],"driven":[28],"by":[29,81],"external":[30],"fluxes":[31],"that":[32,102,139],"keep":[33],"some":[34],"species":[35],"at":[36],"fixed":[37],"concentrations.":[38],"Hence,":[39],"uncovering":[40],"the":[41,44,71,89,96,127,165,174,187,210,214],"principles":[42],"governing":[43],"functioning":[45],"these":[47,140],"CRNs":[48],"is":[49,78,170],"crucial":[50],"understand":[52],"how":[53,121,164],"living":[54],"generate":[56],"and":[57,86,136,150,203],"regulate":[58],"complexity.":[59],"While":[60],"kinetics":[61],"plays":[62],"key":[64],"role":[65],"in":[66,159],"shaping":[67],"detailed":[68],"dynamical":[69],"phenomena,":[70],"range":[72,97],"operations":[74],"CRN":[77],"fundamentally":[79],"constrained":[80],"thermodynamics.":[82],"Here,":[83],"we":[84],"introduce":[85],"analytically":[87],"derive":[88],"\u201cthermodynamic":[90],"space\u201d":[91],"CRN,":[94],"i.e.,":[95],"accessible":[99],"stationary":[100],"concentrations":[101],"can":[103,131,142],"be":[104,143],"realized":[105],"under":[106],"given":[108],"energetic":[109],"budget.":[110],"We":[111,155],"establish":[112],"analogous":[113],"bounds":[114,141],"for":[115,184],"affinities,":[117],"shedding":[118],"light":[119],"global":[122],"thermodynamic":[123,216],"properties,":[124],"such":[125],"as":[126],"total":[128],"nonequilibrium":[129,134,177],"driving,":[130],"limit":[132],"local":[133],"quantities,":[135],"further":[137],"showing":[138],"used":[144],"test":[146],"candidate":[147],"network":[148],"topologies":[149],"expose":[151],"hidden":[152],"multimolecular":[153],"pathways.":[154],"illustrate":[156],"our":[157,196],"results":[158],"various":[160],"paradigmatic":[161],"examples,":[162],"demonstrating":[163],"onset":[166],"complex":[168,200],"behaviors":[169],"intimately":[171],"tangled":[172],"with":[173],"presence":[175],"conditions.":[178],"By":[179],"providing":[180],"general":[182],"tool":[183],"analyzing":[185],"CRNs,":[186],"presented":[188],"framework":[189],"constitutes":[190],"stepping":[192],"stone":[193],"deepen":[195],"ability":[197],"predict":[199],"out-of-equilibrium":[201],"phenomena":[202],"design":[204],"artificial":[205],"systems,":[207],"starting":[208],"from":[209],"sole":[211],"knowledge":[212],"underlying":[215],"properties.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2024-10-26T00:00:00"}