{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403752037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","title":"Resource-efficient quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations","display_name":"Resource-efficient quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403752037","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/gwzg-4pls","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006435461","display_name":"Francesco Ghisoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-2933","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0123-2933"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Ghisoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103150824","display_name":"Francesco Scala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-3619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-3619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Scala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-3619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085582881","display_name":"Daniele Bajoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-8485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-8485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Bajoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-8485","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015389591","display_name":"Dario Gerace","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-125X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-125X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Gerace","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-125X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"],"apc_list":{"value":2675,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2675},"apc_paid":{"value":2675,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2675},"fwci":3.4643,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87316178,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"113","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-algorithms","display_name":"quantum algorithms","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-quantum-algorithms","display_name":"variational quantum algorithms","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-shadows","display_name":"classical shadows","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-efficient-algorithms","display_name":"resource-efficient algorithms","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-grids","display_name":"two-dimensional grids","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noisy-quantum-hardware","display_name":"noisy quantum hardware","score":0.7760000228881836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7235602140426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5992728471755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.5398324131965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5144803524017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4790938198566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4782642126083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4644966125488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101471828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083575","display_name":"Quantum algorithm for linear systems of equations","level":5,"score":0.41600847244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32930558919906616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2621598243713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11255438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269085","display_name":"Quantum process","level":4,"score":0.1869611144065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.17071595788002014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1655302345752716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15184713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269042","display_name":"Quantum dynamics","level":3,"score":0.1086277961730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/gwzg-4pls","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2409.08929","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2409.08929","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.08929","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2409.08929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2409.08929","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2409.08929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/gwzg-4pls","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/gwzg-4pls","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5356239126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CN00000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5443090575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE 0000023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8409961469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Spoke 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322874","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1565997562","https://openalex.org/W1770873769","https://openalex.org/W1859373906","https://openalex.org/W1910288008","https://openalex.org/W1981783889","https://openalex.org/W2000971582","https://openalex.org/W2027324479","https://openalex.org/W2041506125","https://openalex.org/W2044386713","https://openalex.org/W2095271766","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2114013702","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2316777057","https://openalex.org/W2605573827","https://openalex.org/W2607911764","https://openalex.org/W2761673598","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2803208764","https://openalex.org/W2806751077","https://openalex.org/W2810721533","https://openalex.org/W2902420940","https://openalex.org/W2906538035","https://openalex.org/W2945523111","https://openalex.org/W2955598323","https://openalex.org/W2963198496","https://openalex.org/W2968611999","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3006823398","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3034033217","https://openalex.org/W3037811760","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3111239317","https://openalex.org/W3136233239","https://openalex.org/W3137962867","https://openalex.org/W3170385733","https://openalex.org/W3184462317","https://openalex.org/W3195508807","https://openalex.org/W4225968281","https://openalex.org/W4256522009","https://openalex.org/W4307811262","https://openalex.org/W4318975179","https://openalex.org/W4361223445","https://openalex.org/W4380627387","https://openalex.org/W4382631173","https://openalex.org/W4387475665","https://openalex.org/W4389280376","https://openalex.org/W4389377934","https://openalex.org/W4389560601","https://openalex.org/W4389793977","https://openalex.org/W4389892080","https://openalex.org/W4391448163","https://openalex.org/W4391463116","https://openalex.org/W4400720868","https://openalex.org/W4401687284","https://openalex.org/W4402309579","https://openalex.org/W4404040831","https://openalex.org/W4408847956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3153616245","https://openalex.org/W4416808807","https://openalex.org/W4399911273","https://openalex.org/W4320858022","https://openalex.org/W2972442636","https://openalex.org/W4416213625","https://openalex.org/W2024801628","https://openalex.org/W7119489869","https://openalex.org/W2037530819","https://openalex.org/W7010523027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Finding":[0],"the":[1,8,18,47,60,76,84,94,98,114,126,150,153,162,166,170,176,201],"solution":[2],"to":[3,27,43,46,58,142,185,199],"linear":[4,62,87,144,159,197],"systems":[5,145],"is":[6,66,83,111],"at":[7],"heart":[9],"of":[10,22,38,78,108,125,146,152,158,172,189],"many":[11],"applications":[12],"in":[13,113,128,205],"science":[14],"and":[15,75,104,161],"technology.":[16],"Over":[17],"years,":[19],"a":[20,32,90,106,156,186,206],"number":[21,107,157,171],"algorithms":[23,74],"have":[24],"been":[25],"proposed":[26],"solve":[28,59,200],"this":[29,52,183],"problem":[30,64,188],"on":[31,155,169],"digital":[33],"quantum":[34,61,73,86,91],"device,":[35],"yet":[36],"most":[37],"these":[39],"are":[40,178],"too":[41],"demanding":[42],"be":[44],"applied":[45],"current":[48],"noisy":[49],"hardware.":[50],"In":[51,117],"work,":[53],"an":[54,122],"original":[55],"algorithmic":[56],"procedure":[57],"system":[63,115],"(QLSP)":[65],"presented,":[67],"which":[68],"combines":[69],"ideas":[70],"from":[71,196],"variational":[72,140],"framework":[77],"classical":[79],"shadows.":[80],"The":[81],"result":[82],"shadow":[85],"solver":[88],"(SQLS),":[89],"algorithm":[92,184],"solving":[93,143],"QLSP":[95],"while":[96],"avoiding":[97],"need":[99],"for":[100],"large":[101],"controlled":[102],"unitaries":[103],"requiring":[105],"qubits":[109],"that":[110],"logarithmic":[112],"size.":[116],"particular,":[118],"our":[119],"heuristics":[120],"show":[121],"exponential":[123],"advantage":[124],"SQLS":[127,154,177],"circuit":[129],"execution":[130],"per":[131],"cost":[132],"function":[133],"evaluation":[134],"when":[135],"compared":[136],"with":[137],"other":[138],"notorious":[139],"approaches":[141],"equations.":[147],"We":[148],"test":[149],"convergence":[151],"systems,":[160],"results":[163],"highlight":[164],"how":[165],"theoretical":[167],"bounds":[168],"resources":[173],"used":[174],"by":[175,192],"conservative.":[179],"Finally,":[180],"we":[181],"apply":[182],"physical":[187],"practical":[190],"relevance":[191],"leveraging":[193],"decomposition":[194],"theorems":[195],"algebra":[198],"discretized":[202],"Laplace":[203],"equation":[204],"two-dimensional":[207],"grid.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2024-10-25T00:00:00"}
