{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403745381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","title":"Thymol and carvacrol against Klebsiella: anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and synergistic activities\u2014a systematic review","display_name":"Thymol and carvacrol against Klebsiella: anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and synergistic activities\u2014a systematic review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403745381","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39512827","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11540684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046787851","display_name":"Kousha Farhadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-225X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-225X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kousha Farhadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093293899","display_name":"Erta Rajabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8061-5675","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8061-5675"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erta Rajabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070791143","display_name":"Hesam Aldin Varpaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-2040","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-2040"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hesam Aldin Varpaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080523188","display_name":"Maryam Iranzadasl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-4586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3470-4586"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119025939","display_name":"Shahed University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e8ff003","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Iranzadasl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052530463","display_name":"Sepideh Khodaparast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-9265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3290-9265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sepideh Khodaparast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108670202","display_name":"Mohammadreza Salehi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-7586","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5538-7586","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-5929","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2707-6027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800596343","display_name":"Imam Khomeini Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2x6b69","country_code":"IR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800596343","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70640408","display_name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c4pz451","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammadreza Salehi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Antibiotic Stewardship and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800596343","https://openalex.org/I70640408"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108670202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800596343","https://openalex.org/I70640408"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":1.6301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82897196,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1487083","last_page":"1487083"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thymol","display_name":"thymol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carvacrol","display_name":"carvacrol","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella","display_name":"Klebsiella","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoterpenes","display_name":"monoterpenes","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiofilm-activity","display_name":"antibiofilm activity","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm-eradication","display_name":"biofilm eradication","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-antimicrobial-activity","display_name":"antimicrobial synergy","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-inhibitory-concentration","display_name":"minimum inhibitory concentration","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bactericidal-efficacy","display_name":"bactericidal efficacy","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-antimicrobials","display_name":"natural antimicrobials","score":0.6629999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780676017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225543","display_name":"Carvacrol","level":3,"score":0.9492685794830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780642067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408883","display_name":"Thymol","level":3,"score":0.908501386642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.7730457186698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.6984769105911255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779116282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131854","display_name":"Klebsiella","level":4,"score":0.5097214579582214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4428611993789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.35007762908935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3099612295627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2533288598060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.19104528427124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.188149094581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.16227757930755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.10997635126113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.08466926217079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777278459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170885","display_name":"Essential oil","level":2,"score":0.07729297876358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11540684","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11540684","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11540684/pdf/fphar-15-1487083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Pharmacol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39512827","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39512827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:72682f71bd9449d5a28a00749e9bd803","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/72682f71bd9449d5a28a00749e9bd803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology, Vol 15 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/pharmacology/articles/10.3389/fphar.2024.1487083/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S132108250","display_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","issn_l":"1663-9812","issn":["1663-9812"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Pharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403745381.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403745381.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":95,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967067041","https://openalex.org/W1972479453","https://openalex.org/W1982488247","https://openalex.org/W1985760648","https://openalex.org/W1991232904","https://openalex.org/W1995652049","https://openalex.org/W2006031651","https://openalex.org/W2007209086","https://openalex.org/W2059748249","https://openalex.org/W2080979357","https://openalex.org/W2093746776","https://openalex.org/W2105644826","https://openalex.org/W2135608706","https://openalex.org/W2143022119","https://openalex.org/W2164168857","https://openalex.org/W2326823588","https://openalex.org/W2527059707","https://openalex.org/W2592763554","https://openalex.org/W2736232307","https://openalex.org/W2737969967","https://openalex.org/W2786696032","https://openalex.org/W2793086015","https://openalex.org/W2811253810","https://openalex.org/W2892604652","https://openalex.org/W2903491254","https://openalex.org/W2912547154","https://openalex.org/W2912788404","https://openalex.org/W2926118843","https://openalex.org/W2927287851","https://openalex.org/W2949222898","https://openalex.org/W2954731792","https://openalex.org/W2963150301","https://openalex.org/W2967828280","https://openalex.org/W2978499352","https://openalex.org/W2980529432","https://openalex.org/W2982466468","https://openalex.org/W2983771250","https://openalex.org/W2992929975","https://openalex.org/W3001494036","https://openalex.org/W3025276363","https://openalex.org/W3041080520","https://openalex.org/W3083932724","https://openalex.org/W3101658210","https://openalex.org/W3109250332","https://openalex.org/W3110158179","https://openalex.org/W3118615836","https://openalex.org/W3131506270","https://openalex.org/W3135573262","https://openalex.org/W3157808627","https://openalex.org/W3173579716","https://openalex.org/W3182432597","https://openalex.org/W3200953059","https://openalex.org/W3209305066","https://openalex.org/W3210988981","https://openalex.org/W3212405832","https://openalex.org/W3214649562","https://openalex.org/W4200158010","https://openalex.org/W4200364387","https://openalex.org/W4200465481","https://openalex.org/W4206666010","https://openalex.org/W4206677002","https://openalex.org/W4206962439","https://openalex.org/W4210249219","https://openalex.org/W4210471077","https://openalex.org/W4213147766","https://openalex.org/W4225369981","https://openalex.org/W4229070287","https://openalex.org/W4231061737","https://openalex.org/W4282830167","https://openalex.org/W4283323065","https://openalex.org/W4286494090","https://openalex.org/W4287743632","https://openalex.org/W4291414601","https://openalex.org/W4292325336","https://openalex.org/W4297378892","https://openalex.org/W4298395831","https://openalex.org/W4321611929","https://openalex.org/W4324128512","https://openalex.org/W4327813850","https://openalex.org/W4362602373","https://openalex.org/W4365518112","https://openalex.org/W4367313867","https://openalex.org/W4368377433","https://openalex.org/W4380080051","https://openalex.org/W4386703335","https://openalex.org/W4386889500","https://openalex.org/W4387191343","https://openalex.org/W4388608398","https://openalex.org/W4389452136","https://openalex.org/W4391100752","https://openalex.org/W4391644971","https://openalex.org/W4391951581","https://openalex.org/W4394843992","https://openalex.org/W4396858691","https://openalex.org/W4401044736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2596137380","https://openalex.org/W2736232307","https://openalex.org/W4415468931","https://openalex.org/W7204627722","https://openalex.org/W4323036214","https://openalex.org/W4403681091","https://openalex.org/W3212405832","https://openalex.org/W4411102537","https://openalex.org/W2135021111","https://openalex.org/W2805091570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction":[0],"Klebsiella":[1,57,84],"poses":[2],"a":[3],"significant":[4],"global":[5],"threat":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,25,41,121],"its":[9],"high":[10,214],"antibiotic":[11],"resistance":[12],"rate.":[13],"In":[14],"recent":[15],"years,":[16],"researchers":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"seeking":[20],"alternative":[21],"antimicrobial":[22,254],"agents,":[23],"leading":[24],"the":[26,43,72,94,116,123,140,190],"introduction":[27],"of":[28,50,65,75,96,132,143,168,178,192,198,210,224],"natural":[29],"compounds":[30,82,148],"such":[31],"as":[32],"monoterpenes,":[33],"specifically":[34,249],"thymol":[35,51,172,225],"and":[36,47,52,63,110,115,146,152,173,184,195,226,231,240],"carvacrol.":[37,182],"This":[38],"review":[39],"aims":[40],"illustrate":[42],"potential":[44],"antimicrobial,":[45],"anti-biofilm,":[46],"synergistic":[48,235],"traits":[49],"carvacrol":[53,185,227,241],"in":[54,149,189,207,244],"combat":[55],"against":[56,83],".":[58,88],"Methods":[59],"Searching":[60],"PubMed,":[61],"Scopus,":[62],"Web":[64],"Science,":[66],"we":[67],"reviewed":[68],"available":[69],"evidence":[70],"on":[71],"antibacterial":[73],"effects":[74],"thymol,":[76,144],"carvacrol,":[77,145],"or":[78,236,243],"combined":[79],"with":[80,228,246],"other":[81,229,247],"until":[85],"May":[86],"2024":[87],"Reference":[89],"checking":[90],"was":[91,119,163,203],"performed":[92],"after":[93],"inclusion":[95],"studies.":[97],"Minimum":[98],"inhibitory":[99,107],"concentration":[100,104,108],"(MIC),":[101],"minimum":[102],"bactericidal":[103,124,215],"(MBC),":[105],"fractional":[106],"(FIC),":[109],"anti-biofilm":[111,187],"activity":[112,142],"were":[113,219,233],"gathered,":[114],"MBC/MIC":[117,201],"ratio":[118,202],"calculated":[120],"assess":[122],"efficacy.":[125,216],"Results":[126],"We":[127],"retrieved":[128],"38":[129],"articles":[130],"out":[131,167,177,209],"2,652":[133],"studies":[134],"screened.":[135],"The":[136,156,200],"gathered":[137,220],"data":[138],"assessed":[139],"anti-microbial":[141],"both":[147],"17,":[150],"10,":[151],"11":[153],"studies,":[154],"respectively.":[155],"mean":[157],"(\u00b1":[158],"standard":[159],"deviation)":[160],"non-weighted":[161],"MIC":[162,170,180],"475.46":[164],"\u03bcg/mL":[165,175],"(\u00b1509.95)":[166],"60":[169],"for":[171,181,221],"279.26":[174],"(\u00b1434.38)":[176],"68":[179,222],"Thymol":[183,239],"showed":[186],"activities":[188],"forms":[191],"disruption,":[193],"inhibition,":[194],"mass":[196],"reduction":[197],"biofilms.":[199],"lower":[204],"than":[205],"4":[206],"45":[208],"47":[211],"cases,":[212],"showing":[213],"FIC":[217],"values":[218],"combinations":[223],"compounds,":[230,248],"they":[232],"mostly":[234],"additive.":[237],"Conclusion":[238],"alone":[242],"combination":[245],"known":[250],"antibiotics,":[251],"show":[252],"great":[253],"activity.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2024-10-25T00:00:00"}
