{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403726735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","title":"S2803 Role of Azathioprine as an Effective Alternative Therapy for Patients With Refractory Microscopic Colitis","display_name":"S2803 Role of Azathioprine as an Effective Alternative Therapy for Patients With Refractory Microscopic Colitis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403726735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058956765","display_name":"Aliza Rizwan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aliza Rizwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henry Ford Health, Northville, MI;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henry Ford Health, Northville, MI;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086217066","display_name":"Yousuf Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-6527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7168-6527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousuf Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henry Ford Health, Sterling Heights, MI;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henry Ford Health, Sterling Heights, MI;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087348988","display_name":"Syed\u2010Mohammed Jafri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-7408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154057602","display_name":"Henry Ford Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kwnkm68","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed-Mohammed Jafri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058956765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154057602"],"apc_list":{"value":4390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"119","issue":"10S","first_page":"S1938","last_page":"S1938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13569","display_name":"Microscopic Colitis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13569","display_name":"Microscopic Colitis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11086","display_name":"Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azathioprine","display_name":"azathioprine","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collagenous-colitis","display_name":"collagenous colitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lymphocytic-colitis","display_name":"lymphocytic colitis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppressive-therapy","display_name":"immunosuppressive therapy","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-diarrhea","display_name":"chronic diarrhea","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-tnf-failure","display_name":"anti-TNF therapy failure","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcoidosis","display_name":"sarcoidosis","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulatory-therapy","display_name":"immunomodulatory therapy","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-patients","display_name":"elderly patients","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infliximab","display_name":"infliximab","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adalimumab","display_name":"adalimumab","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-aminosalicylic-acid","display_name":"5-aminosalicylic acid","score":0.5659999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9645591974258423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18939","display_name":"Azathioprine","level":3,"score":0.7996240854263306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142424586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307572","display_name":"Refractory (planetary science)","level":2,"score":0.7513118982315063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778561856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2058941","display_name":"Microscopic colitis","level":4,"score":0.5503390431404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775862500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2453464","display_name":"Colitis","level":2,"score":0.5015592575073242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4202907681465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.347575843334198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.34274619817733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.326982706785202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.06416201591491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.05244162678718567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14309/01.ajg.0001040580.39522.4e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S66441642","display_name":"The American Journal of Gastroenterology","issn_l":"0002-9270","issn":["0002-9270","1572-0241"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Gastroenterology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098052919","https://openalex.org/W2041285295","https://openalex.org/W4391163047","https://openalex.org/W4415539445","https://openalex.org/W2978349390","https://openalex.org/W4376872622","https://openalex.org/W2921481452","https://openalex.org/W4415539890","https://openalex.org/W2371485276","https://openalex.org/W3094047231"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Microscopic":[1],"colitis":[2],"(MC),":[3],"a":[4,32,82,92,212],"common":[5,54],"cause":[6,42],"of":[7,23,30,38,48,62,88,104,127,143,149,172,185,202,281,308,317,321,358],"chronic":[8,21,156],"diarrhea":[9,114],"encompasses":[10],"2":[11],"histological":[12],"subtypes:":[13],"Collagenous":[14,18],"and":[15,52,78,109,119,152,210,224,264,287,323,338],"Lymphocytic":[16],"colitis.":[17,169],"colitis,":[19],"is":[20,50,53,245,328],"inflammation":[22,286],"the":[24,36,144,160,243,250,332,336],"colon,":[25],"causing":[26],"an":[27,272,345],"excess":[28],"buildup":[29],"collagen,":[31],"fibrous":[33],"protein":[34],"in":[35,55,91,154,242,278,356],"lining":[37],"colon":[39,134,244],"that":[40],"can":[41,275,342],"persistent":[43,113],"diarrhea.":[44],"The":[45],"exact":[46],"etiology":[47],"MC":[49,188,254,349],"unclear":[51],"older":[56],"female":[57],"adults.":[58],"With":[59],"rising":[60],"cases":[61,280,357],"refractory":[63,95,279,359],"microscopic":[64],"colitis;":[65],"failing":[66],"first":[67],"line":[68],"therapies":[69],"including":[70,189],"anti-diarrheal,":[71],"budesonide":[72],"(BDS),":[73],"anti-tumor":[74],"necrosis":[75],"factors":[76],"(anti-TNFs)":[77],"methotrexate.":[79],"We":[80],"present":[81],"case":[83],"on":[84,117,219,230],"effective":[85],"therapeutic":[86],"response":[87,223,241],"azathioprine":[89],"(AZA)":[90],"patient":[93],"with":[94,102,112,125,163,167,183,214,221,291,294,303,350],"MC.":[96,292,360],"Case":[97],"Description/Methods:":[98],"An":[99,237],"86-year-old":[100],"woman":[101],"history":[103],"MC,":[105,282],"Irritable":[106],"bowel":[107],"syndrome":[108],"sarcoidosis":[110],"presented":[111],"despite":[115],"being":[116],"BDS":[118],"dietary":[120],"modifications.":[121],"Pt":[122,227],"underwent":[123],"colonoscopy":[124],"biopsies":[126],"distal":[128],"small":[129],"bowel,":[130],"terminal":[131],"ileum;":[132],"random":[133],"to":[135,208,248,330],"rule":[136],"out":[137],"inflammation.":[138],"Biopsy":[139],"showed":[140],"irregular":[141],"thickening":[142],"collagen":[145],"table,":[146],"patchy":[147],"areas":[148],"epithelial":[150],"denudation":[151],"increase":[153],"mixed":[155],"inflammatory":[157],"infiltrate":[158],"within":[159],"lamina":[161],"propria":[162],"prominent":[164],"eosinophils":[165],"consistent":[166],"collagenous":[168],"No":[170],"evidence":[171],"cryptitis,":[173],"crypt":[174],"abscess":[175],"or":[176],"granulomas":[177],"were":[178],"seen.":[179],"Patient":[180,204,216],"was":[181,217],"treated":[182],"variety":[184],"agents":[186],"for":[187,253,347],"Bismuth":[190],"subsalicylate,":[191],"mesalamine,":[192],"cholestyramine,":[193],"prednisone,":[194],"BDS,":[195],"infliximab":[196],"(INX),":[197],"adalimumab":[198],"(ADA)":[199],"without":[200,232],"resolution":[201],"symptoms.":[203],"had":[205,211],"not":[206],"responded":[207],"INX":[209],"rash":[213],"ADA.":[215],"started":[218],"AZA":[220,271,297,309,341],"good":[222],"symptomatic":[225],"improvement.":[226],"remained":[228],"stable":[229],"AZA,":[231],"any":[233,295],"major":[234],"issues.":[235],"Discussion:":[236],"abnormal":[238],"immune":[239],"system":[240],"mainly":[246],"believed":[247],"be":[249,276,344],"underlying":[251],"mechanism":[252],"etiology.":[255],"Risk":[256],"factor":[257],"includes":[258,310],"autoimmune":[259],"disorders,":[260],"infections,":[261],"genetic":[262],"predisposition":[263],"certain":[265,319],"medications":[266],"like":[267],"Non-steroidal":[268],"anti-inflammatory":[269],"drugs.":[270],"immunosuppressive":[273],"medication":[274],"prescribed":[277],"which":[283],"help":[284],"reduce":[285],"alleviate":[288],"symptoms":[289],"associated":[290],"As":[293],"medication,":[296],"also":[298],"have":[299],"side":[300,339],"effects":[301,307],"particularly":[302],"long-term":[304],"use.":[305],"Side":[306],"nausea,":[311],"vomiting,":[312],"liver":[313],"toxicity,":[314],"increased":[315],"risk":[316],"infection,":[318],"types":[320],"cancer":[322],"bone":[324],"marrow":[325],"suppression.":[326],"It":[327],"important":[329],"weigh":[331],"potential":[333],"benefits":[334],"against":[335],"risks":[337],"effects.":[340],"definitely":[343],"option":[346],"treating":[348],"close":[351],"monitoring":[352],"especially":[353],"given":[354],"rise":[355]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2024-10-25T00:00:00"}