{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403713859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","title":"Enhancing tribological performance of electric vehicle lubricants: Nanoparticle-enriched palm oil biolubricants for wear resistance","display_name":"Enhancing tribological performance of electric vehicle lubricants: Nanoparticle-enriched palm oil biolubricants for wear resistance","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403713859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39641056","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11617866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005909875","display_name":"Agus Nugroho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-9534","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-9534"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Agus Nugroho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5287-9534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023104884","display_name":"Muhammad Kozin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5568-3126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5568-3126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Kozin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041408531","display_name":"Rizalman Mamat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-0994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6562-0994"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizalman Mamat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335310","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-081X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-081X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21642278","display_name":"Ningxia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j7b2v61","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Ningxia University, 750021, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043301751","display_name":"Mohd Fairusham Ghazali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-2174","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0178-2174"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Fairusham Ghazali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Process, University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Process, University Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080169938","display_name":"M.P. Kamil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-7655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-7655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Prisla Kamil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080653798","display_name":"Prabowo Puranto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0497-683X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0497-683X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabowo Puranto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064522634","display_name":"Diah Ayu Fitriani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4467-684X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4467-684X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diah Ayu Fitriani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045175494","display_name":"Siti Amalina Azahra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-8807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-8807"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Amalina Azahra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012386477","display_name":"Kusuma Putri Suwondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-1009","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4343-1009"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kusuma Putri Suwondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107720271","display_name":"Putri Sayyida Ashfiya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154144","display_name":"National Research and Innovation Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02hmjzt55","country_code":"ID","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Putri Sayyida Ashfiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surface and Coatings Technology Research Group, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta, 10340, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154144"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029978297","display_name":"Sarbani Daud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-409X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-409X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102913810","display_name":"Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah","ror":"https://ror.org/01704wp68","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarbani Daud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26600, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al Sultan Abdullah, 26600, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102913810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005909875","https://openalex.org/A5023104884","https://openalex.org/A5100335310"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21642278","https://openalex.org/I4387154144"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":1.1381,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74346793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"22","first_page":"e39742","last_page":"e39742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11557","display_name":"Lubricants and Their Additives","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11557","display_name":"Lubricants and Their Additives","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11138","display_name":"Tribology and Lubrication Engineering","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanolubricants","display_name":"nanolubricants","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphene","display_name":"graphene","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-dioxide","display_name":"titanium dioxide","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alumina","display_name":"alumina","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wear-resistance","display_name":"wear resistance","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-coefficient","display_name":"friction coefficient","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-stability","display_name":"thermal stability","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-lubricants","display_name":"sustainable lubricants","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-reduction","display_name":"friction reduction","score":0.5820000171661377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167310744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193870","display_name":"Tribology","level":2,"score":0.8287694454193115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988237154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231458","display_name":"Palm oil","level":2,"score":0.6778687238693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6369439363479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.5618482828140259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983445633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617224","display_name":"Wear resistance","level":2,"score":0.4577854871749878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3665594160556793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3066856265068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1410539746284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.12573403120040894}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11617866","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11617866","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11617866/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39641056","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39641056","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4b172f80c9242069149e08c8395c6e0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4b172f80c9242069149e08c8395c6e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 22, Pp e39742- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39742","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8485000133514404},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":0.5925999879837036},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5378999710083008},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.5351999998092651}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5101811982","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52265015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6220892654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022AAC2003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322877","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319804","display_name":"Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322877","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403713859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403713859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":179,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994711733","https://openalex.org/W1977247732","https://openalex.org/W1987283345","https://openalex.org/W2006776857","https://openalex.org/W2018681315","https://openalex.org/W2024995709","https://openalex.org/W2077411827","https://openalex.org/W2082521185","https://openalex.org/W2127865677","https://openalex.org/W2164962698","https://openalex.org/W2414116083","https://openalex.org/W2566382932","https://openalex.org/W2753047458","https://openalex.org/W2755843507","https://openalex.org/W2771262119","https://openalex.org/W2785031990","https://openalex.org/W2789841469","https://openalex.org/W2804008086","https://openalex.org/W2805453527","https://openalex.org/W2807199507","https://openalex.org/W2892034063","https://openalex.org/W2892100696","https://openalex.org/W2896644723","https://openalex.org/W2912092259","https://openalex.org/W2915745707","https://openalex.org/W2945779803","https://openalex.org/W2947436616","https://openalex.org/W2957309345","https://openalex.org/W2976325852","https://openalex.org/W2976821722","https://openalex.org/W2982054083","https://openalex.org/W2984922802","https://openalex.org/W3000053840","https://openalex.org/W3002442071","https://openalex.org/W3005641364","https://openalex.org/W3006646141","https://openalex.org/W3007883213","https://openalex.org/W3008703363","https://openalex.org/W3010973864","https://openalex.org/W3029209248","https://openalex.org/W3030140602","https://openalex.org/W3033871850","https://openalex.org/W3037841521","https://openalex.org/W3039402084","https://openalex.org/W3045163139","https://openalex.org/W3046201833","https://openalex.org/W3048599105","https://openalex.org/W3088577214","https://openalex.org/W3094295801","https://openalex.org/W3107262979","https://openalex.org/W3113443439","https://openalex.org/W3119318087","https://openalex.org/W3125667196","https://openalex.org/W3133035779","https://openalex.org/W3133614947","https://openalex.org/W3137330269","https://openalex.org/W3152995941","https://openalex.org/W3153530646","https://openalex.org/W3156402717","https://openalex.org/W3157445202","https://openalex.org/W3159276555","https://openalex.org/W3159931071","https://openalex.org/W3164023418","https://openalex.org/W3172216303","https://openalex.org/W3180404102","https://openalex.org/W3180963903","https://openalex.org/W3190885556","https://openalex.org/W3196725624","https://openalex.org/W3205873499","https://openalex.org/W3207114041","https://openalex.org/W3208027700","https://openalex.org/W3210449171","https://openalex.org/W3211113081","https://openalex.org/W3211263673","https://openalex.org/W4200551049","https://openalex.org/W4205487823","https://openalex.org/W4206110252","https://openalex.org/W4206313494","https://openalex.org/W4206647746","https://openalex.org/W4210536041","https://openalex.org/W4211061832","https://openalex.org/W4212790883","https://openalex.org/W4212837038","https://openalex.org/W4212965620","https://openalex.org/W4213193092","https://openalex.org/W4214826978","https://openalex.org/W4221085664","https://openalex.org/W4223891335","https://openalex.org/W4223915962","https://openalex.org/W4224999511","https://openalex.org/W4240239869","https://openalex.org/W4280551275","https://openalex.org/W4280565544","https://openalex.org/W4281261868","https://openalex.org/W4281381289","https://openalex.org/W4283071905","https://openalex.org/W4284887415","https://openalex.org/W4285254979","https://openalex.org/W4286255633","https://openalex.org/W4286567584","https://openalex.org/W4288045914","https://openalex.org/W4288455767","https://openalex.org/W4293330909","https://openalex.org/W4293535041","https://openalex.org/W4295242568","https://openalex.org/W4296607404","https://openalex.org/W4296960856","https://openalex.org/W4297902943","https://openalex.org/W4297984230","https://openalex.org/W4301395159","https://openalex.org/W4304693971","https://openalex.org/W4309926747","https://openalex.org/W4311360306","https://openalex.org/W4311509555","https://openalex.org/W4313367742","https://openalex.org/W4313479474","https://openalex.org/W4313508734","https://openalex.org/W4313641205","https://openalex.org/W4318015183","https://openalex.org/W4322766234","https://openalex.org/W4323267205","https://openalex.org/W4324142146","https://openalex.org/W4361228385","https://openalex.org/W4361799547","https://openalex.org/W4361803575","https://openalex.org/W4376127336","https://openalex.org/W4376505752","https://openalex.org/W4376605207","https://openalex.org/W4378421910","https://openalex.org/W4379646670","https://openalex.org/W4380758398","https://openalex.org/W4381486000","https://openalex.org/W4382011306","https://openalex.org/W4382790161","https://openalex.org/W4382865491","https://openalex.org/W4382877681","https://openalex.org/W4384699927","https://openalex.org/W4385247461","https://openalex.org/W4385323646","https://openalex.org/W4385365467","https://openalex.org/W4385652537","https://openalex.org/W4386196094","https://openalex.org/W4386326831","https://openalex.org/W4386558331","https://openalex.org/W4386812339","https://openalex.org/W4386814825","https://openalex.org/W4386827369","https://openalex.org/W4387063601","https://openalex.org/W4387229393","https://openalex.org/W4387233444","https://openalex.org/W4387859659","https://openalex.org/W4388282887","https://openalex.org/W4388342241","https://openalex.org/W4389580681","https://openalex.org/W4389856034","https://openalex.org/W4389932996","https://openalex.org/W4389981989","https://openalex.org/W4389990043","https://openalex.org/W4390349863","https://openalex.org/W4390363295","https://openalex.org/W4390658388","https://openalex.org/W4391155329","https://openalex.org/W4391429922","https://openalex.org/W4391538083","https://openalex.org/W4391542966","https://openalex.org/W4391622980","https://openalex.org/W4391829898","https://openalex.org/W4393028939","https://openalex.org/W4395690097","https://openalex.org/W4396594646","https://openalex.org/W4400324377","https://openalex.org/W4401411036","https://openalex.org/W4402526101","https://openalex.org/W6791519985","https://openalex.org/W6807140340","https://openalex.org/W6842409807","https://openalex.org/W6843173427","https://openalex.org/W6852654253","https://openalex.org/W6859192934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7148905571","https://openalex.org/W4390845459","https://openalex.org/W4281297555","https://openalex.org/W4405645274","https://openalex.org/W3200000494","https://openalex.org/W7128688624","https://openalex.org/W7118160562","https://openalex.org/W3160303865","https://openalex.org/W4415647643","https://openalex.org/W7215129049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,65,109,134],"transition":[1],"to":[2,43,145],"electric":[3,60],"vehicles":[4],"(EVs)":[5],"calls":[6],"for":[7,165],"sustainable":[8,173],"advancements":[9],"in":[10,95,103,118],"automotive":[11],"lubricants,":[12,147],"as":[13,73,129],"traditional":[14,116],"fossil-fuel-based":[15],"products":[16],"pose":[17],"environmental":[18,150],"challenges.":[19],"Palm":[20],"oil-based":[21,50,82],"biolubricants":[22,114,139,194],"enriched":[23],"with":[24,186],"nanoparticles":[25,71],"present":[26],"a":[27,92,100,141,172],"promising":[28],"eco-friendly":[29,143],"alternative":[30,144],"that":[31,69,112,137,175],"meets":[32],"the":[33,45,55,149,167],"thermal":[34,107],"and":[35,57,77,105,122,126,157,169,184,196],"tribological":[36,87],"demands":[37],"of":[38,47,59,97,120],"EVs.":[39],"This":[40,160],"paper":[41,192],"aims":[42],"analyze":[44],"development":[46],"nanoparticle-enriched":[48,113,138],"palm":[49,81],"biolubricants,":[51],"aimed":[52],"at":[53],"improving":[54],"sustainability":[56,188],"performance":[58],"vehicle":[61],"(EV)":[62],"lubrication":[63],"systems.":[64],"critical":[66],"findings":[67],"highlight":[68],"integrating":[70],"such":[72],"graphene,":[74],"titanium":[75],"dioxide,":[76],"aluminum":[78],"oxide":[79],"into":[80],"lubricants":[83],"significantly":[84],"enhances":[85,181],"their":[86],"properties.":[88],"These":[89],"enhancements":[90],"include":[91],"26.21%-34%":[93],"reduction":[94,102],"coefficient":[96],"friction":[98,121],"(COF),":[99],"12.99%-30%":[101],"wear,":[104],"improved":[106],"stability.":[108],"study":[110,135],"found":[111],"outperformed":[115],"options":[117],"terms":[119],"wear":[123],"under":[124],"high-temperature":[125],"pressure":[127],"conditions,":[128],"supported":[130],"by":[131,152],"regression":[132],"analysis.":[133],"demonstrates":[136],"offer":[140],"viable":[142],"conventional":[146],"lowering":[148],"impact":[151],"reducing":[153],"greenhouse":[154],"gas":[155],"emissions":[156],"energy":[158],"consumption.":[159],"innovation":[161],"has":[162],"significant":[163],"implications":[164],"both":[166],"environment":[168],"industry,":[170],"offering":[171],"solution":[174],"reduces":[176],"dependency":[177],"on":[178],"fossil":[179],"fuels,":[180],"EV":[182],"efficiency,":[183],"aligns":[185],"global":[187],"goals.":[189],"Besides,":[190],"this":[191],"discusses":[193],"drawbacks":[195],"future":[197],"studies":[198],"direction.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-10-25T00:00:00"}