{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403700460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","title":"Segmentation methods for quantifying X-ray Computed Tomography based biomarkers to assess hip fracture risk: a systematic literature review","display_name":"Segmentation methods for quantifying X-ray Computed Tomography based biomarkers to assess hip fracture risk: a systematic literature review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403700460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39506973","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11537876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055488968","display_name":"Cristina Falcinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1803-7460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1803-7460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39387349","display_name":"University of Chieti-Pescara","ror":"https://ror.org/00qjgza05","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cristina Falcinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Geology, University \"G. D'Annunzio\" of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Geology, University \"G. D'Annunzio\" of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009966311","display_name":"Vee San Cheong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-8619","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4292-8619"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253168","display_name":"Institute for Biomechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/00cepxd71","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4405253168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254519","display_name":"Singapore-ETH Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01x6n3581","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4405254519"]}],"countries":["CH","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vee San Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Health Technologies Programme, Singapore-ETH Centre, CREATE campus, Singapore, Singapore","Institute for Biomechanics, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Health Technologies Programme, Singapore-ETH Centre, CREATE campus, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254519"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biomechanics, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4405253168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089094126","display_name":"Lotta M. Ellingsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-0979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-0979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165368041","display_name":"University of Iceland","ror":"https://ror.org/01db6h964","country_code":"IS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]}],"countries":["IS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lotta Maria Ellingsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165368041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004384136","display_name":"Benedikt Helgason","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-2651","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8324-2651"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253168","display_name":"Institute for Biomechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/00cepxd71","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4405253168"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254519","display_name":"Singapore-ETH Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01x6n3581","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4405254519"]}],"countries":["CH","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt Helgason","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future Health Technologies Programme, Singapore-ETH Centre, CREATE campus, Singapore, Singapore","Institute for Biomechanics, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future Health Technologies Programme, Singapore-ETH Centre, CREATE campus, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254519"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Biomechanics, ETH-Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088","https://openalex.org/I4405253168"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055488968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39387349"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":0.1572,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14022843,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1446829","last_page":"1446829"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.6646000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.29420000314712524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ct-segmentation","display_name":"CT image segmentation","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hip-fracture-risk","display_name":"hip fracture risk","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation-accuracy","display_name":"segmentation accuracy","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reproducibility","display_name":"reproducibility","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"repeatability","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation-robustness","display_name":"segmentation robustness","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-analysis","display_name":"finite element analysis","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-geometry","display_name":"bone geometry","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteoporotic-fractures","display_name":"osteoporotic fractures","score":0.531000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7786334753036499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7693873047828674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.7105010151863098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.5122548937797546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777525943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389491","display_name":"FRAX","level":5,"score":0.470612108707428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47029945254325867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46499601006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.4459289014339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4318796992301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3976592421531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3563775420188904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776541429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165328","display_name":"Osteoporosis","level":2,"score":0.34052056074142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776886416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4941567","display_name":"Bone mineral","level":3,"score":0.33587056398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18561813235282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994343686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753467","display_name":"Osteoporotic fracture","level":4,"score":0.1659984588623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1400657594203949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10666447877883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11537876","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11537876","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11537876/pdf/fbioe-12-1446829.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39506973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39506973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:711181a622214a1ea166e6079cb86bcb","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/711181a622214a1ea166e6079cb86bcb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol 12 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research-collection.ethz.ch:20.500.11850/705049","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11850/705049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402302","display_name":"Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","host_organization_name":"ETH Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000705049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000705049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000705049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051236","display_name":"ETH Z\u00fcrich Research Collection","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1446829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595131146","display_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","issn_l":"2296-4185","issn":["2296-4185"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311030","display_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica \"Francesco Severi\"","ror":"https://ror.org/01vx64p53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321020","display_name":"Icelandic Centre for Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03srneg48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321652","display_name":"Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule Z\u00fcrich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326825","display_name":"Rann\u00eds","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329197","display_name":"Singapore-ETH Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/01x6n3581"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334080","display_name":"Gruppo Nazionale per la Fisica Matematica","ror":"https://ror.org/01d6bq278"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403700460.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403700460.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91439062","https://openalex.org/W135851390","https://openalex.org/W165220758","https://openalex.org/W1587583539","https://openalex.org/W1792995416","https://openalex.org/W1833725210","https://openalex.org/W1968092726","https://openalex.org/W1974322200","https://openalex.org/W1983023120","https://openalex.org/W1987869189","https://openalex.org/W1988471370","https://openalex.org/W2002196108","https://openalex.org/W2012514506","https://openalex.org/W2016674228","https://openalex.org/W2017904740","https://openalex.org/W2017987823","https://openalex.org/W2023507961","https://openalex.org/W2025454892","https://openalex.org/W2032189326","https://openalex.org/W2033171885","https://openalex.org/W2044064269","https://openalex.org/W2046167623","https://openalex.org/W2051045016","https://openalex.org/W2053336787","https://openalex.org/W2056804026","https://openalex.org/W2061336036","https://openalex.org/W2061575169","https://openalex.org/W2062206303","https://openalex.org/W2064314501","https://openalex.org/W2065231653","https://openalex.org/W2066932486","https://openalex.org/W2068947159","https://openalex.org/W2069708561","https://openalex.org/W2072820122","https://openalex.org/W2073504615","https://openalex.org/W2076349714","https://openalex.org/W2078515578","https://openalex.org/W2079640720","https://openalex.org/W2079803459","https://openalex.org/W2091169167","https://openalex.org/W2107490395","https://openalex.org/W2108824264","https://openalex.org/W2109680805","https://openalex.org/W2119774121","https://openalex.org/W2119807233","https://openalex.org/W2120790611","https://openalex.org/W2130156988","https://openalex.org/W2135390890","https://openalex.org/W2140244998","https://openalex.org/W2140549584","https://openalex.org/W2141556811","https://openalex.org/W2143392325","https://openalex.org/W2148347694","https://openalex.org/W2151577965","https://openalex.org/W2154015197","https://openalex.org/W2161555525","https://openalex.org/W2164346027","https://openalex.org/W2167686897","https://openalex.org/W2190803471","https://openalex.org/W2194398376","https://openalex.org/W2286520708","https://openalex.org/W2339157188","https://openalex.org/W2358693203","https://openalex.org/W2400521053","https://openalex.org/W2518064184","https://openalex.org/W2538347200","https://openalex.org/W2558093628","https://openalex.org/W2591678938","https://openalex.org/W2593603708","https://openalex.org/W2768981596","https://openalex.org/W2782797699","https://openalex.org/W2800041373","https://openalex.org/W2801277304","https://openalex.org/W2809462415","https://openalex.org/W2890865904","https://openalex.org/W2894975317","https://openalex.org/W2901559346","https://openalex.org/W2908582544","https://openalex.org/W2908957122","https://openalex.org/W2919061472","https://openalex.org/W2948129242","https://openalex.org/W2954640276","https://openalex.org/W2972629588","https://openalex.org/W2998755364","https://openalex.org/W3014744518","https://openalex.org/W3015021397","https://openalex.org/W3017663222","https://openalex.org/W3019986263","https://openalex.org/W3044823909","https://openalex.org/W3095505136","https://openalex.org/W3112346810","https://openalex.org/W3127761787","https://openalex.org/W3155710154","https://openalex.org/W3158095128","https://openalex.org/W3164745358","https://openalex.org/W3169910570","https://openalex.org/W3185586538","https://openalex.org/W3192297118","https://openalex.org/W3204241606","https://openalex.org/W4210716128","https://openalex.org/W4213444287","https://openalex.org/W4214870141","https://openalex.org/W4220934437","https://openalex.org/W4220955405","https://openalex.org/W4224209800","https://openalex.org/W4240851819","https://openalex.org/W4283829123","https://openalex.org/W4294989903","https://openalex.org/W4297039986","https://openalex.org/W4312851796","https://openalex.org/W4361009000","https://openalex.org/W4380786352","https://openalex.org/W4381432955","https://openalex.org/W4385481295","https://openalex.org/W4386174615","https://openalex.org/W4390840599","https://openalex.org/W4391075702","https://openalex.org/W4393257641","https://openalex.org/W4400723834","https://openalex.org/W4400902344","https://openalex.org/W4407835519","https://openalex.org/W6667914654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4224209800","https://openalex.org/W4393257641","https://openalex.org/W3034204150","https://openalex.org/W4392000197","https://openalex.org/W7204063826","https://openalex.org/W2805471295","https://openalex.org/W6966190557","https://openalex.org/W2912109347","https://openalex.org/W3124008183","https://openalex.org/W2800041373"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,156,179,208],"success":[2],"of":[3,57,72,99,104,113,132,162,177,190,201,210,232,261,274,281,300,317],"using":[4],"bone":[5,28,253],"mineral":[6],"density":[7],"and/or":[8,145],"FRAX":[9],"to":[10,52,90,129,173,220,229,240,265,310,320],"predict":[11],"femoral":[12],"osteoporotic":[13],"fracture":[14,29,49],"risk":[15,186,280],"is":[16,60,67,103],"modest":[17],"since":[18],"they":[19],"do":[20],"not":[21],"account":[22],"for":[23,47,84,107,184,242,291,296],"mechanical":[24],"determinants":[25],"that":[26,138,192,215,251,272],"affect":[27,194],"risk.":[30,50],"Computed":[31],"Tomography":[32],"(CT)-based":[33],"geometric,":[34],"densitometric,":[35],"and":[36,43,97,109,147,151,160,188,263,315],"finite":[37],"element-derived":[38],"biomarkers":[39,74,115],"have":[40,88],"been":[41],"developed":[42],"used":[44,172],"as":[45],"parameters":[46],"assessing":[48],"However,":[51],"quantify":[53],"these":[54,73,100,163,175],"biomarkers,":[55],"segmentation":[56,101,136,164,217,254,303,318],"CT":[58,86,153],"data":[59,87],"needed.":[61],"Doing":[62],"this":[63,246],"manually":[64],"or":[65],"semi-automatically":[66],"labor-intensive,":[68],"preventing":[69],"the":[70,93,110,130,170,185,195,205,211,252,259,275,286,298],"adoption":[71],"into":[75,116],"clinical":[76,117,150],"practice.":[77,118],"In":[78],"recent":[79],"years,":[80],"fully":[81],"automated":[82],"methods":[83,137,165,218],"segmenting":[85],"started":[89],"emerge.":[91],"Quantifying":[92],"accuracy,":[94,157,312],"robustness,":[95,158,313],"reproducibility,":[96,159,314],"repeatability":[98,161,264,316],"tools":[102],"major":[105],"importance":[106],"research":[108],"potential":[111],"translation":[112],"CT-based":[114],"Methods:":[119],"A":[120,199],"comprehensive":[121],"literature":[122],"search":[123],"was":[124],"performed":[125],"in":[126],"PubMed":[127],"up":[128],"end":[131],"July":[133],"2024.":[134],"Only":[135],"were":[139,154,166,182],"quantitatively":[140,169],"validated":[141],"on":[142,148,245,285],"human":[143],"femurs":[144],"pelvises":[146],"both":[149],"non-clinical":[152],"included.":[155],"investigated,":[167],"reporting":[168,231],"metrics":[171,307],"evaluate":[174,311],"aspects":[176],"segmentation.":[178],"studies":[180,203,276,287,293],"included":[181,212],"evaluated":[183],"of,":[187],"sources":[189],"bias,":[191],"may":[193,225],"results":[196],"reported.":[197],"Findings:":[198],"total":[200],"54":[202],"fulfilled":[204],"inclusion":[206],"criteria.":[207],"analysis":[209],"papers":[213],"showed":[214],"automatic":[216],"led":[219],"accurate":[221],"results,":[222],"however,":[223],"there":[224],"exist":[226],"a":[227,266,301],"need":[228],"standardize":[230],"accuracy":[233],"across":[234],"studies.":[235],"Few":[236],"works":[237],"investigated":[238],"robustness":[239],"allow":[241],"detailed":[243],"conclusions":[244],"aspect.":[247],"Finally,":[248],"it":[249],"seems":[250],"field":[255],"has":[256],"only":[257],"addressed":[258],"concept":[260],"reproducibility":[262],"very":[267],"limited":[268],"extent,":[269],"which":[270],"entails":[271],"most":[273],"are":[277,294,308],"at":[278],"high":[279],"bias.":[282],"Interpretation:":[283],"Based":[284],"analyzed,":[288],"some":[289],"recommendations":[290],"future":[292],"made":[295],"advancing":[297],"development":[299],"standardized":[302,306],"protocol.":[304],"Moreover,":[305],"proposed":[309],"methods,":[319],"ease":[321],"comparison":[322],"between":[323],"different":[324],"approaches.":[325]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-10-24T00:00:00"}
