{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403539693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","title":"Efficient quantum circuits for machine learning activation functions including constant T-depth ReLU","display_name":"Efficient quantum circuits for machine learning activation functions including constant T-depth ReLU","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403539693","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.043048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240247","display_name":"Physical Review Research","issn_l":"2643-1564","issn":["2643-1564"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.043048","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102013113","display_name":"Wei Zi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8845","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8845"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Zi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8135-8845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008507189","display_name":"Siyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9128-1857","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9128-1857"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9128-1857","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023184900","display_name":"Hyunji Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-3894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-3894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24214720","display_name":"Hansung University","ror":"https://ror.org/048m9x696","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunji Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hansung University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-3894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hansung University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24214720"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000241520","display_name":"Xiaoming Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-1670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-1670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Technology","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0281-1670","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089860351","display_name":"Anupam Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-6983","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-6983"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupam Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Technological University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-6983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003208881","display_name":"Patrick Rebentrost","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-8163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6728-8163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115455960","display_name":"Centre for Quantum Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/01mgdzc49","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115455960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Rebentrost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Quantum Technologies","National University of Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Quantum Technologies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115455960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000241520"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2625,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2625},"apc_paid":{"value":2625,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2625},"fwci":1.2486,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.799285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11804","display_name":"Quantum many-body systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relu","display_name":"ReLU","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaky-relu","display_name":"leaky ReLU","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigmoid","display_name":"sigmoid","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-depth","display_name":"T-depth","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuits","display_name":"quantum circuits","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerant-quantum-computation","display_name":"fault-tolerant quantum computing","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"quantum machine learning","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-optimization","display_name":"circuit optimization","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.6094495058059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5585724711418152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5274814963340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4452970325946808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31837648153305054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.20357313752174377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12364330887794495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.043048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240247","display_name":"Physical Review Research","issn_l":"2643-1564","issn":["2643-1564"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/182156","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.043048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2404.06059","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2404.06059","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.06059","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:75c25afe1a05475f91a4220c4a356ae5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/75c25afe1a05475f91a4220c4a356ae5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research, Vol 6, Iss 4, p 043048 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2404.06059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.06059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2404.06059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.6.043048","pdf_url":"http://link.aps.org/pdf/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.6.043048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210240247","display_name":"Physical Review Research","issn_l":"2643-1564","issn":["2643-1564"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5428356290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2021-QEP2-02-P05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6669231081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G920057190","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDB28000000,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","funder_display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403539693.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403539693.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988369744","https://openalex.org/W1990514347","https://openalex.org/W2015811642","https://openalex.org/W2045021385","https://openalex.org/W2054279067","https://openalex.org/W2102008187","https://openalex.org/W2103956991","https://openalex.org/W2170608991","https://openalex.org/W2560386163","https://openalex.org/W2614851820","https://openalex.org/W2748739903","https://openalex.org/W2759506558","https://openalex.org/W2760529036","https://openalex.org/W2789713147","https://openalex.org/W2896712926","https://openalex.org/W2899663614","https://openalex.org/W2900154994","https://openalex.org/W2902431979","https://openalex.org/W2903058119","https://openalex.org/W2942454403","https://openalex.org/W2962976797","https://openalex.org/W2976350580","https://openalex.org/W2980446414","https://openalex.org/W3035035250","https://openalex.org/W3097610849","https://openalex.org/W3107698810","https://openalex.org/W3173899054","https://openalex.org/W3183881215","https://openalex.org/W3212169067","https://openalex.org/W4200634137","https://openalex.org/W4220718195","https://openalex.org/W4321610982","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4387542025","https://openalex.org/W4389373471","https://openalex.org/W4391243055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308273135","https://openalex.org/W4394708871","https://openalex.org/W7211897263","https://openalex.org/W7204854275","https://openalex.org/W7204781896","https://openalex.org/W7204804500","https://openalex.org/W7204802883","https://openalex.org/W4405561957","https://openalex.org/W4225472188","https://openalex.org/W7126075191"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"Quantum":[3],"Machine":[4],"Learning":[5],"(QML)":[6],"has":[7],"increasingly":[8],"captured":[9],"the":[10,15,32,88,102,123,133],"interest":[11],"of":[12,34,58,69,104,127],"researchers.":[13],"Among":[14],"components":[16],"in":[17],"this":[18],"domain,":[19],"activation":[20,35,63,84],"functions":[21,36,85],"hold":[22],"a":[23,118],"fundamental":[24],"and":[25,60,71,97,125],"indispensable":[26],"role.":[27],"Our":[28],"research":[29],"focuses":[30],"on":[31,49],"development":[33],"quantum":[37,43,75,128],"circuits":[38],"for":[39],"integration":[40],"into":[41],"fault-tolerant":[42],"computing":[44],"architectures,":[45],"with":[46],"an":[47],"emphasis":[48],"minimizing":[50],"T":[51,67,98],"-depth.":[52],"Specifically,":[53],"we":[54,78],"present":[55],"novel":[56],"implementations":[57],"ReLU":[59,62],"leaky":[61],"functions,":[64],"achieving":[65],"constant":[66],"-depths":[68],"4":[70],"8,":[72],"respectively.":[73],"Leveraging":[74],"lookup":[76],"tables,":[77],"extend":[79],"our":[80,107],"exploration":[81],"to":[82,94,111],"other":[83],"such":[86],"as":[87],"sigmoid.":[89],"This":[90,115],"approach":[91],"enables":[92],"us":[93],"customize":[95],"precision":[96],"-depth":[99],"by":[100,132],"adjusting":[101],"number":[103],"qubits,":[105],"making":[106],"results":[108],"more":[109],"adaptable":[110],"various":[112],"application":[113,126],"scenarios.":[114],"study":[116],"represents":[117],"significant":[119],"advancement":[120],"towards":[121],"enhancing":[122],"practicality":[124],"machine":[129],"learning.":[130],"Published":[131],"American":[134],"Physical":[135],"Society":[136],"2024":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2024-10-19T00:00:00"}
