{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403260805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","title":"Crowd anomaly estimation and detection: A review","display_name":"Crowd anomaly estimation and detection: A review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403260805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281167","display_name":"Franklin Open","issn_l":"2773-1863","issn":["2773-1863"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franklin Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074172410","display_name":"A. Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-8772","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-8772"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-8772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037247873","display_name":"Mhd. Wasim Raed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-1735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-1735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179948855","display_name":"Istanbul Ayd\u0131n University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qsyw664","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179948855"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.W. Raed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0676-1735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istanbul Aydin University, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179948855"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046232409","display_name":"Ali Al\u2010Shaikhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-993X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-993X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. Al-Shaikhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-993X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025367848","display_name":"Mohamed Ahmed Mohandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-1275","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7897-1275"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mohandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091188360","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-1096","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-1096"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6615-1096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046232409"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":1.1851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79761216,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"100169","last_page":"100169"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.5770999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.5770999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.2280000001192093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11500","display_name":"Evacuation and Crowd Dynamics","score":0.11599999666213989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-anomaly-detection","display_name":"crowd anomaly detection","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowd-density-estimation","display_name":"crowd density estimation","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-surveillance","display_name":"video surveillance","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-free-sensing","display_name":"device-free sensing","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/received-signal-strength-indicator","display_name":"received signal strength indicator","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"radio frequency identification","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"wireless sensor networks","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsensing","display_name":"crowdsensing","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"edge computing","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"optical flow","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abnormal-behavior-detection","display_name":"abnormal behavior detection","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-safety","display_name":"public safety","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7055587768554688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5217279195785522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5010883808135986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42376819252967834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29697751998901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13831892609596252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11337226629257202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.06023615598678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281167","display_name":"Franklin Open","issn_l":"2773-1863","issn":["2773-1863"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franklin Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4224bb6c632a44c380696688fd4c77df","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4224bb6c632a44c380696688fd4c77df","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Franklin Open, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100169- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fraope.2024.100169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387281167","display_name":"Franklin Open","issn_l":"2773-1863","issn":["2773-1863"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Franklin Open","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G940517496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG1424","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","funder_display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":165,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162084894","https://openalex.org/W845505729","https://openalex.org/W1482815597","https://openalex.org/W1503644894","https://openalex.org/W1506362508","https://openalex.org/W1529995626","https://openalex.org/W1585228652","https://openalex.org/W1974209474","https://openalex.org/W1994500462","https://openalex.org/W1997229236","https://openalex.org/W1999566614","https://openalex.org/W2002568631","https://openalex.org/W2011741128","https://openalex.org/W2018454874","https://openalex.org/W2019780447","https://openalex.org/W2027075070","https://openalex.org/W2030247084","https://openalex.org/W2036251877","https://openalex.org/W2058429997","https://openalex.org/W2063002904","https://openalex.org/W2064493176","https://openalex.org/W2080506076","https://openalex.org/W2081525165","https://openalex.org/W2090711183","https://openalex.org/W2093522708","https://openalex.org/W2099566664","https://openalex.org/W2108404684","https://openalex.org/W2116685941","https://openalex.org/W2119362555","https://openalex.org/W2122361470","https://openalex.org/W2129736664","https://openalex.org/W2130137998","https://openalex.org/W2131152141","https://openalex.org/W2142412278","https://openalex.org/W2148661750","https://openalex.org/W2152003526","https://openalex.org/W2164489414","https://openalex.org/W2164898057","https://openalex.org/W2165295831","https://openalex.org/W2170102584","https://openalex.org/W2200373309","https://openalex.org/W2264245550","https://openalex.org/W2280953196","https://openalex.org/W2321327828","https://openalex.org/W2460055519","https://openalex.org/W2501651064","https://openalex.org/W2522843929","https://openalex.org/W2546795189","https://openalex.org/W2549606280","https://openalex.org/W2552757911","https://openalex.org/W2555622648","https://openalex.org/W2560662850","https://openalex.org/W2568724398","https://openalex.org/W2580726893","https://openalex.org/W2581127966","https://openalex.org/W2581563770","https://openalex.org/W2581602959","https://openalex.org/W2584433892","https://openalex.org/W2604816798","https://openalex.org/W2607946294","https://openalex.org/W2612114597","https://openalex.org/W2612564968","https://openalex.org/W2618002756","https://openalex.org/W2623954568","https://openalex.org/W2667588668","https://openalex.org/W2724601290","https://openalex.org/W2739846485","https://openalex.org/W2740632334","https://openalex.org/W2745023398","https://openalex.org/W2748454020","https://openalex.org/W2753540990","https://openalex.org/W2754621623","https://openalex.org/W2766475308","https://openalex.org/W2783785907","https://openalex.org/W2791750219","https://openalex.org/W2792509643","https://openalex.org/W2792737581","https://openalex.org/W2793254521","https://openalex.org/W2803758285","https://openalex.org/W2803889862","https://openalex.org/W2805750907","https://openalex.org/W2885764768","https://openalex.org/W2887817291","https://openalex.org/W2890054393","https://openalex.org/W2890561851","https://openalex.org/W2890858785","https://openalex.org/W2896489444","https://openalex.org/W2898853710","https://openalex.org/W2900427548","https://openalex.org/W2902223212","https://openalex.org/W2903686779","https://openalex.org/W2904374540","https://openalex.org/W2905515997","https://openalex.org/W2915150373","https://openalex.org/W2916659873","https://openalex.org/W2920133319","https://openalex.org/W2940559734","https://openalex.org/W2942992487","https://openalex.org/W2948429466","https://openalex.org/W2948568668","https://openalex.org/W2955495005","https://openalex.org/W2961623865","https://openalex.org/W2966840688","https://openalex.org/W2967283256","https://openalex.org/W2970588228","https://openalex.org/W2971381425","https://openalex.org/W2972902359","https://openalex.org/W2977779402","https://openalex.org/W2979523787","https://openalex.org/W2980001345","https://openalex.org/W2985314571","https://openalex.org/W2985585302","https://openalex.org/W2990518309","https://openalex.org/W2990863929","https://openalex.org/W2991039687","https://openalex.org/W2996000181","https://openalex.org/W3007175960","https://openalex.org/W3007801911","https://openalex.org/W3011652020","https://openalex.org/W3013775978","https://openalex.org/W3013877891","https://openalex.org/W3015346580","https://openalex.org/W3023625663","https://openalex.org/W3023751456","https://openalex.org/W3045455261","https://openalex.org/W3122025635","https://openalex.org/W3145013517","https://openalex.org/W3145679516","https://openalex.org/W3151950999","https://openalex.org/W3196450253","https://openalex.org/W4205184430","https://openalex.org/W4205865288","https://openalex.org/W4206025239","https://openalex.org/W4210842697","https://openalex.org/W4229706296","https://openalex.org/W4230253451","https://openalex.org/W4231276664","https://openalex.org/W4235407707","https://openalex.org/W4237606253","https://openalex.org/W4238199533","https://openalex.org/W4239457005","https://openalex.org/W4243556604","https://openalex.org/W4245658304","https://openalex.org/W4246061234","https://openalex.org/W4246999471","https://openalex.org/W4249142012","https://openalex.org/W4252141395","https://openalex.org/W4252856340","https://openalex.org/W4253232340","https://openalex.org/W4253655742","https://openalex.org/W4254714504","https://openalex.org/W4256557011","https://openalex.org/W4289838434","https://openalex.org/W4293149198","https://openalex.org/W4300015729","https://openalex.org/W4301952864","https://openalex.org/W4302032420","https://openalex.org/W4322762147","https://openalex.org/W4365806503","https://openalex.org/W4387350606","https://openalex.org/W4392884204","https://openalex.org/W4392980260","https://openalex.org/W4396665658","https://openalex.org/W4399523219","https://openalex.org/W7051926465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154742666","https://openalex.org/W2285618096","https://openalex.org/W3212339947","https://openalex.org/W2086717935","https://openalex.org/W2513383303","https://openalex.org/W3009628692","https://openalex.org/W2602608313","https://openalex.org/W4291825285","https://openalex.org/W4368275964","https://openalex.org/W4377081817"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abnormal":[0],"crowd":[1,72,114],"detection":[2,74],"and":[3,14,20,89,109,143,159],"estimation":[4],"are":[5],"critical":[6],"in":[7,33,58,62],"video":[8,24],"surveillance":[9,25],"for":[10,161],"ensuring":[11],"public":[12],"safety":[13],"preventing":[15],"stampedes.":[16],"Owing":[17],"to":[18,48,105,115],"occlusions":[19],"blind":[21],"spots,":[22],"traditional":[23],"methods":[26],"cannot":[27],"detect,":[28],"estimate,":[29],"or":[30],"locate":[31],"people":[32],"dense":[34],"moving":[35,113],"crowds":[36],"with":[37],"acceptable":[38],"accuracy,":[39],"posing":[40],"a":[41,67,112,120],"major":[42,153],"challenge.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"this":[45,123],"study":[46,124],"aims":[47],"provide":[49],"an":[50],"in-depth":[51],"analysis":[52],"of":[53,111,119],"the":[54,107,117,126,152],"most":[55,127],"recent":[56,128],"advancements":[57],"recognizing":[59],"abnormal":[60],"behaviors":[61],"large":[63],"crowds.":[64],"We":[65],"present":[66],"comprehensive":[68],"literature":[69],"review":[70],"on":[71,99,130,134,157],"anomaly":[73],"using":[75],"disruptive":[76],"technologies":[77],"such":[78],"as":[79],"radio":[80],"frequency":[81],"identification":[82],",":[83,87,93,137,142],"wireless":[84],"sensor":[85],"networks":[86],"Wi-Fi,":[88],"Bluetooth":[90],"low":[91],"energy":[92],"employing":[94],"device-free":[95],"noninvasive":[96],"algorithms":[97],"based":[98,133],"received":[100],"signal":[101],"strength":[102],"indicator":[103],"variations":[104],"detect":[106],"speed":[108],"direction":[110],"predict":[116],"onset":[118],"stampede.":[121],"Furthermore,":[122],"presents":[125],"findings":[129],"mobile":[131],"crowdsensing":[132],"edge":[135],"computing":[136],"urban":[138],"dynamics,":[139],"optical":[140],"flow":[141],"machine":[144],"learning":[145],"techniques":[146],".":[147],"Finally,":[148],"we":[149],"critically":[150],"analyze":[151],"challenges,":[154],"shedding":[155],"light":[156],"opportunities":[158],"directions":[160],"future":[162],"work.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2024-10-10T00:00:00"}
