{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403213201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","title":"An unsupervised approach for the detection of zero\u2010day distributed denial of service attacks in Internet of Things networks","display_name":"An unsupervised approach for the detection of zero\u2010day distributed denial of service attacks in Internet of Things networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403213201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ntw2.12134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ntw2.12134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418855","display_name":"IET Networks","issn_l":"2047-4954","issn":["2047-4954","2047-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ntw2.12134","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087829338","display_name":"Monika Roopak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-6035","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-6035"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0400avk24","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monika Roopak","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3654-6035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bedfordshire, Bedfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037686924","display_name":"Simon Parkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Parkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037331514","display_name":"Gui Yun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-1523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-1523"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Yun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013547923","display_name":"Yachao Ran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0805-4803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0805-4803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yachao Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0805-4803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053811883","display_name":"Saad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-8200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-8200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012895252","display_name":"Balasubramaniyan Chandrasekaran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32480017","display_name":"Florida Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5mdj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32480017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balasubramaniyan Chandrasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, Florida, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32480017"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087829338"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"apc_list":{"value":2340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2340},"apc_paid":{"value":2340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2340},"fwci":5.6701,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96759631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5-6","first_page":"513","last_page":"527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-day-attacks","display_name":"zero-day attacks","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddos-attacks","display_name":"DDoS attacks","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ddos-detection","display_name":"DDoS attack detection","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iot-security","display_name":"Internet of Things security","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"anomaly detection","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-projections","display_name":"random projections","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"dimensionality reduction","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-mixture-model","display_name":"Gaussian mixture model","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-class-svm","display_name":"one-class support vector machine","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-voting","display_name":"hard voting","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cicddos2019","display_name":"CICDDoS2019","score":0.9520000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8885337114334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780900520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q100268981","display_name":"Denial","level":2,"score":0.6823232173919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.6782915592193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.587529718875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5401251912117004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5325525999069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5078423619270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.4765799045562744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47384411096572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.35859036445617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.22679400444030762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.22544175386428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.10516443848609924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.0848151445388794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08436751365661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/ntw2.12134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ntw2.12134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418855","display_name":"IET Networks","issn_l":"2047-4954","issn":["2047-4954","2047-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.22541/au.170526630.07302484/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170526630.07302484/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22541/au.170526630.07302484/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.authorea.com/doi/pdf/10.22541/au.170526630.07302484","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:341e97f1e01c40b3ac9c7c698141b51d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/341e97f1e01c40b3ac9c7c698141b51d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IET Networks, Vol 13, Iss 5-6, Pp 513-527 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/368449f7-1792-4ca2-b003-7005617d9670","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/368449f7-1792-4ca2-b003-7005617d9670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Roopak, M, Parkinson, S, Tian, G Y, Ran, Y, Khan, S & Chandrasekaran, B 2024, 'An unsupervised approach for the detection of zero\u2010day distributed denial of service attacks in Internet of Things networks', IET Networks, vol. 13, no. 5-6, pp. 513-527. https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uobrep.openrepository.com:10547/626391","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10547/626391","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400178","display_name":"University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I147554453","host_organization_name":"University of Bedfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147554453"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34508112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34508112","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34508112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34508112.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34508112.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34508112.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/ntw2.12134","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/ntw2.12134","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1049/ntw2.12134","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306418855","display_name":"IET Networks","issn_l":"2047-4954","issn":["2047-4954","2047-4962"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IET Networks","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403213201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403213201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W297149609","https://openalex.org/W1977556410","https://openalex.org/W2065890363","https://openalex.org/W2131904035","https://openalex.org/W2226513362","https://openalex.org/W2789436223","https://openalex.org/W2791751764","https://openalex.org/W2810689795","https://openalex.org/W2889836475","https://openalex.org/W2899891373","https://openalex.org/W2911736987","https://openalex.org/W2963307331","https://openalex.org/W2964937598","https://openalex.org/W2969231300","https://openalex.org/W2971026201","https://openalex.org/W2971290869","https://openalex.org/W2973207694","https://openalex.org/W2981025625","https://openalex.org/W2982682021","https://openalex.org/W3010886159","https://openalex.org/W3032258369","https://openalex.org/W3040628207","https://openalex.org/W3089329725","https://openalex.org/W3114741555","https://openalex.org/W3120450981","https://openalex.org/W3122736469","https://openalex.org/W3167176168","https://openalex.org/W3176886883","https://openalex.org/W3182625625","https://openalex.org/W3193327991","https://openalex.org/W3209164306","https://openalex.org/W4205365495","https://openalex.org/W4210779665","https://openalex.org/W4229003780","https://openalex.org/W4229034602","https://openalex.org/W4282924088","https://openalex.org/W4284991562","https://openalex.org/W4285036712","https://openalex.org/W4290043213","https://openalex.org/W4293771225","https://openalex.org/W4309939034","https://openalex.org/W4313192438","https://openalex.org/W4313591247","https://openalex.org/W4316039105","https://openalex.org/W4318052012","https://openalex.org/W4319302392","https://openalex.org/W4320180452","https://openalex.org/W4322493038","https://openalex.org/W4353004226","https://openalex.org/W4367043761","https://openalex.org/W4378421112","https://openalex.org/W4381849794","https://openalex.org/W4383619600","https://openalex.org/W4384563661","https://openalex.org/W4391756158","https://openalex.org/W4391996970","https://openalex.org/W4396765292","https://openalex.org/W4400497538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390857978","https://openalex.org/W7167683925","https://openalex.org/W3211437046","https://openalex.org/W4410910807","https://openalex.org/W3115138880","https://openalex.org/W3167176168","https://openalex.org/W3048151017","https://openalex.org/W4382518183","https://openalex.org/W3062437734","https://openalex.org/W4400594360"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,82,111,145],"authors":[2,83],"introduce":[3],"an":[4,127,155],"unsupervised":[5,73,162],"Intrusion":[6],"Detection":[7],"System":[8],"designed":[9],"to":[10,48,77,122],"detect":[11,49,78],"zero\u2010day":[12,115],"distributed":[13],"denial":[14],"of":[15,21,157],"service":[16,95],"(DDoS)":[17],"attacks":[18,40,105,117],"in":[19],"Internet":[20],"Things":[22],"(IoT)":[23],"networks.":[24],"This":[25],"system":[26],"can":[27],"identify":[28],"anomalies":[29],"without":[30],"needing":[31],"prior":[32],"knowledge":[33],"or":[34],"training":[35],"on":[36,85],"attack":[37],"information.":[38],"Zero\u2010day":[39],"exploit":[41],"previously":[42],"unknown":[43],"vulnerabilities,":[44],"making":[45],"them":[46],"hard":[47,140],"with":[50,138],"traditional":[51],"deep":[52],"learning":[53,56,163],"and":[54,94,109,126,135,153],"machine":[55],"systems":[57],"that":[58],"require":[59],"pre\u2010labelled":[60],"data.":[61],"Labelling":[62],"data":[63,124],"is":[64],"also":[65],"a":[66,139],"time\u2010consuming":[67],"task":[68],"for":[69,97,143],"security":[70],"experts.":[71],"Therefore,":[72],"methods":[74],"are":[75],"necessary":[76],"these":[79,104],"new":[80],"threats.":[81],"focus":[84],"DDoS":[86,116],"attacks,":[87],"which":[88],"have":[89],"recently":[90],"caused":[91],"significant":[92],"financial":[93],"disruptions":[96],"many":[98],"organisations.":[99],"As":[100],"IoT":[101],"networks":[102],"grow,":[103],"become":[106],"more":[107],"sophisticated":[108],"harmful.":[110],"proposed":[112],"approach":[113],"detects":[114],"by":[118],"using":[119,149],"random":[120],"projection":[121],"reduce":[123],"dimensionality":[125],"ensemble":[128],"model":[129],"combining":[130],"K\u2010means,":[131],"Gaussian":[132],"mixture":[133],"model,":[134],"one\u2010class":[136],"SVM":[137],"voting":[141],"technique":[142],"classification.":[144],"method":[146],"was":[147],"evaluated":[148],"the":[150],"CIC\u2010DDoS2019":[151],"dataset":[152],"achieved":[154],"accuracy":[156],"94.55%,":[158],"outperforming":[159],"other":[160],"state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art":[161],"methods.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-10-09T00:00:00"}
