{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403136687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","title":"Underrepresented minority faculty in the USA face a double standard in promotion and tenure decisions","display_name":"Underrepresented minority faculty in the USA face a double standard in promotion and tenure decisions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403136687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367060","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11576510"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01977-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764866340","display_name":"Nature Human Behaviour","issn_l":"2397-3374","issn":["2397-3374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Human Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01977-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079643165","display_name":"Theodore Charles Masters-Waage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-4214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6602-4214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore Masters-Waage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027934517","display_name":"Christiane Spitzmueller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-0259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0549-0259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156087764","display_name":"University of California, Merced","ror":"https://ror.org/00d9ah105","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christiane Spitzmueller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of the Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156087764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092532441","display_name":"Ebenezer Edema-Sillo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-0268","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-0268"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ebenezer Edema-Sillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5434-0268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023034354","display_name":"Ally St. Aubin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3905-1683","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3905-1683"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ally St. Aubin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3905-1683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008020528","display_name":"Michelle Penn-Marshall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48205209","display_name":"Texas Southern University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ch0aw77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48205209"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Penn-Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research & Innovation, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research & Innovation, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48205209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Erika Henderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erika Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty Recruitment and Retention, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty Recruitment and Retention, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048880295","display_name":"Peggy Lindner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-5690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-5690"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peggy Lindner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0447-5690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107761537","display_name":"Cynthia Werner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-8088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2662-8088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia Werner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017293500","display_name":"Tracey E. Rizzuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-172X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-172X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121820613","display_name":"Louisiana State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ect4e57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracey Rizzuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Leadership & Human Resource Development, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8138-172X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Leadership & Human Resource Development, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121820613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038396004","display_name":"Juan M. Madera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-2406","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-2406"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Juan Madera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Conrad N. Hilton College of Global Hospitality Leadership, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. jmmadera@central.uh.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-2406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Conrad N. Hilton College of Global Hospitality Leadership, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA. jmmadera@central.uh.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038396004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":{"value":12290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12290},"apc_paid":{"value":12290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12290},"fwci":16.3435,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99495756,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"11","first_page":"2107","last_page":"2118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10726","display_name":"Career Development and Diversity","score":0.7896000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11047","display_name":"Gender Diversity and Inequality","score":0.052799999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11384","display_name":"Critical Race Theory in Education","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresented-minority-faculty","display_name":"underrepresented minority faculty","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion-and-tenure","display_name":"tenure and promotion","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/double-standards","display_name":"double standards","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-hiring","display_name":"academic hiring","score":0.3540000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h-index","display_name":"h-index","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersectionality","display_name":"intersectionality","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-productivity","display_name":"research productivity","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underrepresentation-in-academia","display_name":"underrepresentation in academia","score":0.6230000257492065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.6749993562698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.660968005657196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910734998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305118","display_name":"Underrepresented Minority","level":2,"score":0.4163110852241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39193016290664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3908997178077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.35185980796813965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3046070337295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.2267507016658783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2178334891796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.13629260659217834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12695449590682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08816578984260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002322","descriptor_name":"Career Mobility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005178","descriptor_name":"Faculty","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014495","descriptor_name":"Universities","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01977-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764866340","display_name":"Nature Human Behaviour","issn_l":"2397-3374","issn":["2397-3374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Human Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11576510","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11576510","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11576510/pdf/41562_2024_Article_1977.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nat Hum Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39367060","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39367060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature human behaviour","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.lsu.edu:shrewd_pubs-1050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.lsu.edu/shrewd_pubs/51","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210169993","display_name":"Civil War Book Review","issn_l":"1528-6592","issn":["1528-6592"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315936","host_organization_name":"Louisiana State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Louisiana State University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nathum:v:8:y:2024:i:11:d:10.1038_s41562-024-01977-7","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01977-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01977-7","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01977-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764866340","display_name":"Nature Human Behaviour","issn_l":"2397-3374","issn":["2397-3374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Human Behaviour","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6344906526","display_name":"Center for Advancing UH Faculty Success","funder_award_id":"1409928","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8063483082","display_name":"External Review Letters in Promotion and Tenure Decision Making: Validity and Fairness","funder_award_id":"2100034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306151","display_name":"Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/052csg198"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403136687.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4403136687.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528611392","https://openalex.org/W1713342896","https://openalex.org/W1968742416","https://openalex.org/W1971629165","https://openalex.org/W1982218215","https://openalex.org/W1983161744","https://openalex.org/W1986792585","https://openalex.org/W1994077089","https://openalex.org/W1997439558","https://openalex.org/W2066520537","https://openalex.org/W2085605854","https://openalex.org/W2089614996","https://openalex.org/W2091684673","https://openalex.org/W2096354859","https://openalex.org/W2098351939","https://openalex.org/W2102068269","https://openalex.org/W2102614574","https://openalex.org/W2104668300","https://openalex.org/W2115271687","https://openalex.org/W2121157156","https://openalex.org/W2130247873","https://openalex.org/W2135349132","https://openalex.org/W2139925474","https://openalex.org/W2148974647","https://openalex.org/W2157346096","https://openalex.org/W2160094849","https://openalex.org/W2170508806","https://openalex.org/W2173602951","https://openalex.org/W2175873029","https://openalex.org/W2226524777","https://openalex.org/W2443110710","https://openalex.org/W2525289260","https://openalex.org/W2558744425","https://openalex.org/W2731579173","https://openalex.org/W2765817878","https://openalex.org/W2800701210","https://openalex.org/W2806180023","https://openalex.org/W2883290696","https://openalex.org/W2895416954","https://openalex.org/W2913543586","https://openalex.org/W2947527030","https://openalex.org/W2963182670","https://openalex.org/W2968337687","https://openalex.org/W3000299920","https://openalex.org/W3037526009","https://openalex.org/W3044311582","https://openalex.org/W3048851700","https://openalex.org/W3078783362","https://openalex.org/W3092330694","https://openalex.org/W3094186639","https://openalex.org/W3099052861","https://openalex.org/W3122254441","https://openalex.org/W3128803561","https://openalex.org/W3143561996","https://openalex.org/W3168933895","https://openalex.org/W3181109270","https://openalex.org/W4205475170","https://openalex.org/W4224214529","https://openalex.org/W4231203432","https://openalex.org/W4232468109","https://openalex.org/W4233626458","https://openalex.org/W4237494090","https://openalex.org/W4281762315","https://openalex.org/W4292475382","https://openalex.org/W4293483937","https://openalex.org/W4309065655","https://openalex.org/W4309305981","https://openalex.org/W4310113674","https://openalex.org/W4317033409","https://openalex.org/W4376126652","https://openalex.org/W4377139882","https://openalex.org/W4390086781","https://openalex.org/W6944091449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4403136510","https://openalex.org/W7131111629","https://openalex.org/W2766926047","https://openalex.org/W7203688872","https://openalex.org/W7167279455","https://openalex.org/W4397033555","https://openalex.org/W2765555200","https://openalex.org/W2969918972","https://openalex.org/W4395039386","https://openalex.org/W4243669715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underrepresented":[0],"minority":[1,154],"(URM)":[2,155],"faculty":[3,35,42,81,91,143,146,156,190,199],"face":[4,160],"challenges":[5],"in":[6,63,113,132,144,157,162,200],"many":[7],"domains":[8],"of":[9,101,141,202],"academia,":[10],"from":[11,29,57],"university":[12],"admissions":[13],"to":[14,22,53,137,185,193],"grant":[15],"applications.":[16],"We":[17],"examine":[18],"whether":[19],"this":[20],"translates":[21],"promotion":[23,164],"and":[24,48,126,165,172],"tenure":[25,166],"(P&T)":[26],"decisions.":[27],"Data":[28],"five":[30],"US":[31],"universities":[32],"on":[33],"1,571":[34],"members\u2019":[36],"P&T":[37,58,133],"decisions":[38,176],"show":[39],"that":[40,129,152],"URM":[41,80,96,102,142,189],"received":[43],"7%":[44],"more":[45,77,112,169],"negative":[46,170],"votes":[47,56,171],"were":[49],"44%":[50],"less":[51],"likely":[52],"receive":[54],"unanimous":[55,174],"committees.":[59],"A":[60],"double":[61,123,187],"standard":[62,124,196],"how":[64],"scholarly":[65,203],"productivity":[66],"is":[67,69,88,182],"rewarded":[68],"also":[70],"observed,":[71],"with":[72,92],"below-average":[73],"h-indexes":[74],"being":[75],"judged":[76],"harshly":[78],"for":[79,83,90],"than":[82,197],"non-URM":[84,198],"faculty.":[85],"This":[86,181],"relationship":[87],"amplified":[89],"intersectional":[93],"backgrounds,":[94],"especially":[95],"women.":[97],"The":[98],"differential":[99],"treatment":[100],"women":[103],"was":[104],"mitigated":[105],"when":[106],"external":[107],"reviewers":[108],"highlighted":[109],"candidates\u2019":[110],"scholarship":[111],"their":[114],"review":[115],"letters.":[116],"In":[117],"sum,":[118],"the":[119,122,138,158,163,178],"results":[120],"support":[121],"hypothesis":[125],"provide":[127],"evidence":[128],"different":[130],"outcomes":[131],"decision-making":[134],"processes":[135],"contribute":[136],"sustained":[139],"underrepresentation":[140],"tenured":[145],"positions.":[147],"Masters-Waage":[148],"et":[149],"al.":[150],"report":[151],"underrepresented":[153],"USA":[159],"barriers":[161],"process,":[167],"receiving":[168],"fewer":[173],"positive":[175],"at":[177],"college":[179],"level.":[180],"partly":[183],"due":[184],"a":[186,194],"standard:":[188],"are":[191],"held":[192],"higher":[195],"terms":[201],"productivity.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-10-05T00:00:00"}