{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402807626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","title":"Factors influencing the relationship between coaches and athletes with disabilities: a systematic review","display_name":"Factors influencing the relationship between coaches and athletes with disabilities: a systematic review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402807626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39351145","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11439722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junyan Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junyan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016107371","display_name":"Hongjun Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-934X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-934X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongjun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039315480","display_name":"Adam Bleakney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Bleakney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080909004","display_name":"Yih\u2010Kuen Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-4034","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7149-4034"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yih-Kuen Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080909004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"apc_paid":{"value":2125,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2125},"fwci":1.9842,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85632653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"1461512","last_page":"1461512"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.5425000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12948","display_name":"Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","score":0.42800000309944153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coach-athlete-relationship","display_name":"coach-athlete relationship","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletes-with-disabilities","display_name":"athletes with disabilities","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-sports","display_name":"disability sports","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaching-communication","display_name":"coach communication","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-building","display_name":"team building","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coach-self-reflection","display_name":"coach self-reflection","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coach-professional-development","display_name":"coach professional development","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athletic-performance","display_name":"athletic performance","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/athlete-well-being","display_name":"athlete well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153721897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3436149","display_name":"Intrapersonal communication","level":3,"score":0.8198846578598022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1104185","display_name":"Coaching","level":2,"score":0.7403571605682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7046629190444946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6970912218093872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.5897193551063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.5610092878341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.5395928621292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4119732677936554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.150347501039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.13249602913856506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09873694181442261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.09647464752197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11439722","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11439722","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11439722/pdf/fspor-06-1461512.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Sports Act Living","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39351145","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39351145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in sports and active living","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:493e7736d6a34eba81eb72067b33d06f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/493e7736d6a34eba81eb72067b33d06f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Vol 6 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512","pdf_url":"https://public-pages-files-2025.frontiersin.org/journals/sports-and-active-living/articles/10.3389/fspor.2024.1461512/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210180255","display_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","issn_l":"2624-9367","issn":["2624-9367"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Sports and Active Living","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7319999933242798,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.46810001134872437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402807626.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402807626.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538644830","https://openalex.org/W1670212127","https://openalex.org/W1994182361","https://openalex.org/W2068707132","https://openalex.org/W2075280304","https://openalex.org/W2162781954","https://openalex.org/W2193148179","https://openalex.org/W2328921576","https://openalex.org/W2762158220","https://openalex.org/W2795671532","https://openalex.org/W2892288270","https://openalex.org/W2898343124","https://openalex.org/W2901724277","https://openalex.org/W2905129632","https://openalex.org/W2913382451","https://openalex.org/W2934935574","https://openalex.org/W2995000287","https://openalex.org/W2997829032","https://openalex.org/W3086345859","https://openalex.org/W3090548186","https://openalex.org/W3136431118","https://openalex.org/W3214739211","https://openalex.org/W4300818123","https://openalex.org/W4304758377","https://openalex.org/W4324257215","https://openalex.org/W4384210883","https://openalex.org/W4390323125","https://openalex.org/W4391637272","https://openalex.org/W4393277036","https://openalex.org/W4394805817","https://openalex.org/W4394928404","https://openalex.org/W4405618164"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414624551","https://openalex.org/W4406562298","https://openalex.org/W2898343124","https://openalex.org/W4411629007","https://openalex.org/W7207668408","https://openalex.org/W2934935574","https://openalex.org/W2323624085","https://openalex.org/W7216561603","https://openalex.org/W3135321690","https://openalex.org/W7212157003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,141,180],"relationship":[2,83,304],"between":[3],"coaches":[4],"and":[5,15,29,58,97,108,125,131,138,147,156,166,188,196,203,249,266,276,293,298],"athletes":[6,34,117,216,269,289],"with":[7,35,118,217,270,290],"disabilities":[8],"is":[9,221],"critical":[10],"for":[11,25,70,174,223,260,268],"enhancing":[12,273],"athletes'":[13,154],"performance":[14,137,275],"psychosocial":[16],"well-being.":[17,277],"This":[18,74,234],"study":[19],"aims":[20],"to":[21,32,112,135,159,207,211,226],"provide":[22],"evidence-based":[23],"recommendations":[24],"coaches,":[26],"sports":[27],"organizations,":[28],"policymakers":[30],"dedicated":[31],"supporting":[33],"disabilities.":[36,119,218],"Methods:":[37],"A":[38,63],"comprehensive":[39],"analysis":[40],"of":[41,53,65,116,128,186,215,230,239,288,296],"existing":[42],"literature":[43],"was":[44],"conducted.":[45],"Five":[46],"databases":[47],"were":[48,68],"searched,":[49],"including":[50],"PubMed,":[51],"Web":[52],"Science,":[54],"SPORTDiscus,":[55],"Google":[56],"Scholar,":[57],"China":[59],"National":[60],"Knowledge":[61],"Infrastructure.":[62],"total":[64],"22":[66],"studies":[67],"included":[69],"thematic":[71],"analysis.":[72],"Results:":[73],"systematic":[75],"review":[76,235],"identifies":[77],"key":[78],"factors":[79,88],"influencing":[80],"the":[81,100,113,123,184,212,227,237,284,294,302],"coach-athlete":[82,178,303],"in":[84,194,305],"disabled":[85,306],"sports.":[86,307],"These":[87],"are":[89,172],"categorized":[90],"into":[91],"three":[92],"main":[93],"domains:":[94],"professional,":[95],"interpersonal,":[96],"intrapersonal.":[98],"In":[99],"professional":[101,197,245],"domain,":[102],"effective":[103,263],"coaching":[104,209,264,286],"requires":[105],"sport-specific":[106],"skills":[107],"adaptive":[109],"techniques":[110],"tailored":[111],"unique":[114],"needs":[115,155,214,229,287],"Coaches":[120,191],"must":[121],"understand":[122,200],"technical":[124],"tactical":[126],"aspects":[127],"each":[129],"parasport":[130],"adapt":[132],"training":[133],"plans":[134],"optimize":[136],"foster":[139],"independence.":[140],"interpersonal":[142,247],"domain":[143,182],"emphasizes":[144],"communication":[145,151],"strategies":[146,210,265],"team-building":[148],"practices.":[149],"Effective":[150],"involves":[152],"understanding":[153],"adapting":[157],"approaches":[158],"maximize":[160],"strengths.":[161],"Building":[162],"rapport,":[163],"managing":[164],"conflict,":[165],"fostering":[167],"a":[168,176,240,258],"supportive":[169],"team":[170],"environment":[171],"crucial":[173],"maintaining":[175],"positive":[177],"relationship.":[179],"intrapersonal":[181,250],"highlights":[183],"importance":[185,238],"self-reflection":[187,195],"continuous":[189],"learning.":[190],"who":[192],"engage":[193],"development":[198],"better":[199],"their":[201,274],"behaviors":[202],"biases,":[204],"enabling":[205],"them":[206],"tailor":[208],"specific":[213,285],"Continuous":[219],"learning":[220],"essential":[222],"remaining":[224],"responsive":[225],"evolving":[228],"these":[231,254],"athletes.":[232],"Discussion:":[233],"underscores":[236],"holistic":[241],"approach":[242],"that":[243],"integrates":[244],"expertise,":[246],"skills,":[248],"awareness.":[251],"By":[252],"addressing":[253],"factors,":[255],"it":[256],"provides":[257],"foundation":[259],"developing":[261],"more":[262],"supports":[267],"disabilities,":[271,292],"ultimately":[272],"Future":[278],"research":[279],"should":[280],"explore":[281],"cultural":[282],"differences,":[283],"intellectual":[291],"impact":[295],"policies":[297],"structural":[299],"barriers":[300],"on":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-09-25T00:00:00"}
