{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402776898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","title":"The Saudi Thoracic Society Evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","display_name":"The Saudi Thoracic Society Evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402776898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39926399","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11804957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61390954","display_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","issn_l":"1998-3557","issn":["1998-3557","1817-1737"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112800645","display_name":"Hamdan H. Al-Jahdali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hamdan Al-Jahdali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005737760","display_name":"Riyad Omar Al-Lehebi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-6668","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3232-6668"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801911633","display_name":"King Fahd Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/01jgj2p89","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801911633"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riyad Al-Lehebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838","https://openalex.org/I2801911633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102862217","display_name":"Hani M. Lababidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-9832","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9737-9832"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134359838","display_name":"Alfaisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00cdrtq48","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134359838"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801911633","display_name":"King Fahd Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/01jgj2p89","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801911633"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Lababidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134359838","https://openalex.org/I2801911633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067328681","display_name":"Faris Fallah Alhejaili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-6063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0100-6063"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111472","display_name":"King Abdul Aziz University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01vv03303","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111472"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faris F. Alhejaili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I4210111472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084498186","display_name":"Yahya Habis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111472","display_name":"King Abdul Aziz University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01vv03303","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111472"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yahya Habis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786","https://openalex.org/I4210111472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037135839","display_name":"Waleed A. Alsowayan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-3814","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-3814"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130698","display_name":"Security Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/035n3nf68","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130698"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Waleed A. Alsowayan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Medicine, Security Forces Hospital Program, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034666517","display_name":"Majdy M. Idrees","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-5389","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-5389"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335369389","display_name":"Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00mtny680","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335369389"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Majdy M. Idrees","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335369389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111093940","display_name":"Mohammed O. Zeitouni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-1596","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-1596"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800965796","display_name":"King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05n0wgt02","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed O. Zeitouni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800965796"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051248743","display_name":"Abdullah A. Al-Shimemeri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alshimemeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Adult Intensive Care, Adult ICU, Al-Mshari Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Adult Intensive Care, Adult ICU, Al-Mshari Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058717789","display_name":"Mohammed Al Ghobain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-0407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-0407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185203018","display_name":"King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0149jvn88","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185203018"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802517405","display_name":"King Abdulaziz Medical City","ror":"https://ror.org/009djsq06","country_code":"SA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Al Ghobain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089075580","display_name":"Ali Alaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-2328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-2328","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1491-4634"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Alaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia","Department of Medicine, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047247550","display_name":"Esam H. Alhamad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-980X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8783-980X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esam H. Alhamad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112800645"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185203018","https://openalex.org/I2802517405"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5855,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89280963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12664","display_name":"Clinical practice guidelines implementation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10051","display_name":"Asthma and respiratory diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd-diagnosis","display_name":"COPD diagnosis","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd-management","display_name":"COPD management","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-exacerbation-of-copd","display_name":"COPD exacerbations","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copd-assessment-test","display_name":"COPD Assessment Test","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symptom-severity-classification","display_name":"symptom severity classification","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization-risk","display_name":"hospitalization risk","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-arabia","display_name":"Saudi Arabia","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9855396747589111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992779976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3286546","display_name":"Pulmonary disease","level":2,"score":0.8019766807556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5386998057365417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4231830835342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3398860692977905}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61390954","display_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","issn_l":"1998-3557","issn":["1998-3557","1817-1737"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11804957","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11804957","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11804957/pdf/ATM-20-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Thorac Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39926399","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39926399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of thoracic medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfaba98c82a742019461a9ee8170d3a1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfaba98c82a742019461a9ee8170d3a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-35 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/atm.atm_155_24","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61390954","display_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","issn_l":"1998-3557","issn":["1998-3557","1817-1737"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320448","host_organization_name":"Medknow","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320448","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Medknow","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Thoracic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402776898.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402776898.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":361,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48452938","https://openalex.org/W69117164","https://openalex.org/W143778186","https://openalex.org/W203578775","https://openalex.org/W231246768","https://openalex.org/W349844564","https://openalex.org/W1489734338","https://openalex.org/W1497098097","https://openalex.org/W1512938259","https://openalex.org/W1534514394","https://openalex.org/W1567813198","https://openalex.org/W1587119845","https://openalex.org/W1598505039","https://openalex.org/W1661467263","https://openalex.org/W1744311214","https://openalex.org/W1782940524","https://openalex.org/W1868068011","https://openalex.org/W1886277473","https://openalex.org/W1914411468","https://openalex.org/W1933984380","https://openalex.org/W1965632753","https://openalex.org/W1966235050","https://openalex.org/W1971364529","https://openalex.org/W1973217968","https://openalex.org/W1978722138","https://openalex.org/W1979317497","https://openalex.org/W1980789906","https://openalex.org/W1980970324","https://openalex.org/W1981378561","https://openalex.org/W1981629436","https://openalex.org/W1982193727","https://openalex.org/W1982997810","https://openalex.org/W1983772324","https://openalex.org/W1983828375","https://openalex.org/W1988226846","https://openalex.org/W1993055974","https://openalex.org/W1993301664","https://openalex.org/W1994820313","https://openalex.org/W1995660065","https://openalex.org/W1998800667","https://openalex.org/W1999957902","https://openalex.org/W2001244779","https://openalex.org/W2001913048","https://openalex.org/W2002726093","https://openalex.org/W2003271850","https://openalex.org/W2003293665","https://openalex.org/W2007903763","https://openalex.org/W2009816405","https://openalex.org/W2010760854","https://openalex.org/W2013195821","https://openalex.org/W2017985444","https://openalex.org/W2018940537","https://openalex.org/W2019902477","https://openalex.org/W2026585673","https://openalex.org/W2029719500","https://openalex.org/W2040027033","https://openalex.org/W2040812181","https://openalex.org/W2041092088","https://openalex.org/W2041895851","https://openalex.org/W2044782575","https://openalex.org/W2045749557","https://openalex.org/W2054043722","https://openalex.org/W2058642660","https://openalex.org/W2061693875","https://openalex.org/W2062281969","https://openalex.org/W2065552559","https://openalex.org/W2067318137","https://openalex.org/W2070504561","https://openalex.org/W2072373248","https://openalex.org/W2072839490","https://openalex.org/W2075435092","https://openalex.org/W2080065677","https://openalex.org/W2080551137","https://openalex.org/W2081839851","https://openalex.org/W2082258623","https://openalex.org/W2084702877","https://openalex.org/W2089977114","https://openalex.org/W2090662888","https://openalex.org/W2092545077","https://openalex.org/W2093921175","https://openalex.org/W2096097167","https://openalex.org/W2096189541","https://openalex.org/W2096373158","https://openalex.org/W2096723137","https://openalex.org/W2097243317","https://openalex.org/W2098115046","https://openalex.org/W2099676542","https://openalex.org/W2102435137","https://openalex.org/W2102634938","https://openalex.org/W2103258141","https://openalex.org/W2103737344","https://openalex.org/W2103809903","https://openalex.org/W2105234929","https://openalex.org/W2106951345","https://openalex.org/W2107014409","https://openalex.org/W2107045802","https://openalex.org/W2108424624","https://openalex.org/W2109143421","https://openalex.org/W2109191113","https://openalex.org/W2109978434","https://openalex.org/W2110282182","https://openalex.org/W2110444389","https://openalex.org/W2111226721","https://openalex.org/W2111983640","https://openalex.org/W2112884668","https://openalex.org/W2112904335","https://openalex.org/W2113632283","https://openalex.org/W2117531535","https://openalex.org/W2117943611","https://openalex.org/W2118089746","https://openalex.org/W2118133670","https://openalex.org/W2118269576","https://openalex.org/W2118346828","https://openalex.org/W2118748544","https://openalex.org/W2119129835","https://openalex.org/W2120436167","https://openalex.org/W2121914298","https://openalex.org/W2122570705","https://openalex.org/W2123272986","https://openalex.org/W2123518252","https://openalex.org/W2123850585","https://openalex.org/W2123964203","https://openalex.org/W2126091215","https://openalex.org/W2126640108","https://openalex.org/W2126719098","https://openalex.org/W2127789103","https://openalex.org/W2128313317","https://openalex.org/W2130462780","https://openalex.org/W2130611956","https://openalex.org/W2131368844","https://openalex.org/W2134048757","https://openalex.org/W2135117727","https://openalex.org/W2135293413","https://openalex.org/W2135931646","https://openalex.org/W2136581092","https://openalex.org/W2137969357","https://openalex.org/W2137995623","https://openalex.org/W2138817967","https://openalex.org/W2139347600","https://openalex.org/W2140696291","https://openalex.org/W2141402647","https://openalex.org/W2142025108","https://openalex.org/W2142449488","https://openalex.org/W2142633372","https://openalex.org/W2142724633","https://openalex.org/W2143486947","https://openalex.org/W2145862978","https://openalex.org/W2146321910","https://openalex.org/W2146877487","https://openalex.org/W2147157007","https://openalex.org/W2151032261","https://openalex.org/W2152073286","https://openalex.org/W2152886503","https://openalex.org/W2155341981","https://openalex.org/W2157968241","https://openalex.org/W2159765471","https://openalex.org/W2160514818","https://openalex.org/W2161243447","https://openalex.org/W2163870873","https://openalex.org/W2165608792","https://openalex.org/W2167752738","https://openalex.org/W2169805520","https://openalex.org/W2170243517","https://openalex.org/W2170502579","https://openalex.org/W2171697174","https://openalex.org/W2171823146","https://openalex.org/W2181957461","https://openalex.org/W2260136336","https://openalex.org/W2268597114","https://openalex.org/W2270582105","https://openalex.org/W2314900475","https://openalex.org/W2317723155","https://openalex.org/W2321923448","https://openalex.org/W2322866941","https://openalex.org/W2323342121","https://openalex.org/W2329899462","https://openalex.org/W2336246942","https://openalex.org/W2339820759","https://openalex.org/W2341605805","https://openalex.org/W2342474691","https://openalex.org/W2346255298","https://openalex.org/W2347107925","https://openalex.org/W2396325172","https://openalex.org/W2411883491","https://openalex.org/W2513201803","https://openalex.org/W2514881586","https://openalex.org/W2528915441","https://openalex.org/W2557263341","https://openalex.org/W2566579337","https://openalex.org/W2569834072","https://openalex.org/W2583265473","https://openalex.org/W2587328184","https://openalex.org/W2587433062","https://openalex.org/W2591924740","https://openalex.org/W2593670800","https://openalex.org/W2599767543","https://openalex.org/W2601029284","https://openalex.org/W2604501983","https://openalex.org/W2606428175","https://openalex.org/W2611302913","https://openalex.org/W2615426413","https://openalex.org/W2724609343","https://openalex.org/W2735221874","https://openalex.org/W2736149543","https://openalex.org/W2762415100","https://openalex.org/W2763244509","https://openalex.org/W2770749626","https://openalex.org/W2772112182","https://openalex.org/W2785999277","https://openalex.org/W2792925473","https://openalex.org/W2793035822","https://openalex.org/W2802197918","https://openalex.org/W2802221596","https://openalex.org/W2805013685","https://openalex.org/W2808300462","https://openalex.org/W2810062356","https://openalex.org/W2884868521","https://openalex.org/W2889531427","https://openalex.org/W2890788567","https://openalex.org/W2891466806","https://openalex.org/W2891482814","https://openalex.org/W2891566920","https://openalex.org/W2894895332","https://openalex.org/W2897213984","https://openalex.org/W2901478545","https://openalex.org/W2902617354","https://openalex.org/W2904127521","https://openalex.org/W2909497687","https://openalex.org/W2916993847","https://openalex.org/W2924400461","https://openalex.org/W2944481257","https://openalex.org/W2946127958","https://openalex.org/W2946719800","https://openalex.org/W2949734136","https://openalex.org/W2969267612","https://openalex.org/W2969289476","https://openalex.org/W2970745474","https://openalex.org/W2981530236","https://openalex.org/W2982437309","https://openalex.org/W2985433517","https://openalex.org/W2991272562","https://openalex.org/W2996299543","https://openalex.org/W3005725344","https://openalex.org/W3007745370","https://openalex.org/W3011621519","https://openalex.org/W3021128320","https://openalex.org/W3021329327","https://openalex.org/W3037411127","https://openalex.org/W3037919198","https://openalex.org/W3047301060","https://openalex.org/W3049105089","https://openalex.org/W3082915598","https://openalex.org/W3107893722","https://openalex.org/W3127198032","https://openalex.org/W3128664757","https://openalex.org/W3134934271","https://openalex.org/W3156431662","https://openalex.org/W3163336394","https://openalex.org/W3167507754","https://openalex.org/W3183451224","https://openalex.org/W3183806681","https://openalex.org/W3192234234","https://openalex.org/W3195319542","https://openalex.org/W3196968469","https://openalex.org/W3201903300","https://openalex.org/W3203655695","https://openalex.org/W3205400625","https://openalex.org/W3206825654","https://openalex.org/W3207907481","https://openalex.org/W3208354938","https://openalex.org/W3208819163","https://openalex.org/W4200144803","https://openalex.org/W4205209053","https://openalex.org/W4205829899","https://openalex.org/W4210337075","https://openalex.org/W4210615119","https://openalex.org/W4211235371","https://openalex.org/W4214691157","https://openalex.org/W4221116525","https://openalex.org/W4223423543","https://openalex.org/W4225665817","https://openalex.org/W4229443985","https://openalex.org/W4229756040","https://openalex.org/W4236132672","https://openalex.org/W4242580910","https://openalex.org/W4248218098","https://openalex.org/W4255759688","https://openalex.org/W4280513219","https://openalex.org/W4280526088","https://openalex.org/W4281772266","https://openalex.org/W4283164211","https://openalex.org/W4288925984","https://openalex.org/W4289593641","https://openalex.org/W4307377751","https://openalex.org/W4308326799","https://openalex.org/W4309387908","https://openalex.org/W4313466970","https://openalex.org/W4317375475","https://openalex.org/W4318161904","https://openalex.org/W4318406698","https://openalex.org/W4320728503","https://openalex.org/W4321084562","https://openalex.org/W4322729445","https://openalex.org/W4322758476","https://openalex.org/W4323075714","https://openalex.org/W4362664822","https://openalex.org/W4366991157","https://openalex.org/W4367834756","https://openalex.org/W4368356755","https://openalex.org/W4376615439","https://openalex.org/W4378421976","https://openalex.org/W4379508685","https://openalex.org/W4380264228","https://openalex.org/W4382020921","https://openalex.org/W4382894740","https://openalex.org/W4383370112","https://openalex.org/W4384926015","https://openalex.org/W4385212591","https://openalex.org/W4385554324","https://openalex.org/W4385827631","https://openalex.org/W4385899214","https://openalex.org/W4386478000","https://openalex.org/W4386619189","https://openalex.org/W4387121991","https://openalex.org/W4387380823","https://openalex.org/W4388127863","https://openalex.org/W4388415999","https://openalex.org/W4388680516","https://openalex.org/W4388970889","https://openalex.org/W4388978982","https://openalex.org/W4389866308","https://openalex.org/W4390127580","https://openalex.org/W4390394207","https://openalex.org/W4390664971","https://openalex.org/W4390941797","https://openalex.org/W4391218969","https://openalex.org/W4391364323","https://openalex.org/W4391642975","https://openalex.org/W4391816173","https://openalex.org/W4392186367","https://openalex.org/W4392472515","https://openalex.org/W4392593514","https://openalex.org/W4393182508","https://openalex.org/W4393900679","https://openalex.org/W4393944891","https://openalex.org/W4393987054","https://openalex.org/W4394770273","https://openalex.org/W4395665432","https://openalex.org/W4396808618","https://openalex.org/W4398143715","https://openalex.org/W4399073507","https://openalex.org/W4399097023","https://openalex.org/W4399224330","https://openalex.org/W4399301840","https://openalex.org/W4399505393","https://openalex.org/W4400549985","https://openalex.org/W6673163086","https://openalex.org/W6677817053","https://openalex.org/W6678992321","https://openalex.org/W6683927275","https://openalex.org/W7074251001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040027033","https://openalex.org/W7171710337","https://openalex.org/W1998988192","https://openalex.org/W4413325587","https://openalex.org/W2606428175","https://openalex.org/W2317723155","https://openalex.org/W3175613042","https://openalex.org/W2170243517","https://openalex.org/W7159618856","https://openalex.org/W1774886260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,67,134],"Saudi":[1,20,47,177],"Thoracic":[2],"Society":[3],"(STS)":[4],"developed":[5],"an":[6,140],"updated":[7],"evidence-based":[8],"guideline":[9,23,106,135,165],"for":[10,35,83,89,169],"diagnosing":[11],"and":[12,29,38,86,91,98,127,132,153,162,173],"managing":[13],"chronic":[14],"obstructive":[15],"pulmonary":[16],"disease":[17],"(COPD)":[18],"in":[19,46,95,176],"Arabia.":[21,178],"This":[22,164],"aims":[24],"to":[25,61,74,112],"provide":[26,87],"a":[27],"comprehensive":[28],"unbiased":[30],"review":[31],"of":[32,64,70,78,104,130,143,159],"current":[33],"evidence":[34,152],"assessing,":[36],"diagnosing,":[37],"treating":[39],"COPD.":[40],"While":[41],"epidemiological":[42],"data":[43],"on":[44,119,148],"COPD":[45,84,93,124,145,160],"Arabia":[48],"are":[49,73],"limited,":[50],"the":[51,56,71,81,123,128,137,149],"STS":[52],"panel":[53],"believes":[54],"that":[55],"prevalence":[57],"is":[58,107,166],"increasing":[59],"due":[60],"rising":[62],"rates":[63],"tobacco":[65],"smoking.":[66],"key":[68],"objectives":[69],"guidelines":[72],"facilitate":[75],"accurate":[76],"diagnosis":[77],"COPD,":[79],"identify":[80],"risk":[82,129],"exacerbations,":[85],"recommendations":[88],"relieving":[90],"reducing":[92],"symptoms":[94],"stable":[96],"patients":[97,114],"during":[99],"exacerbations.":[100],"A":[101],"unique":[102],"aspect":[103],"this":[105],"its":[108],"simplified,":[109],"practical":[110],"approach":[111],"classifying":[113],"into":[115],"three":[116],"classes":[117],"based":[118,147],"symptom":[120],"severity":[121],"using":[122],"Assessment":[125],"Test":[126],"exacerbations":[131],"hospitalizations.":[133],"provides":[136],"reader":[138],"with":[139],"executive":[141],"summary":[142],"recommended":[144],"treatments":[146],"best":[150],"available":[151],"also":[154],"addresses":[155],"other":[156],"major":[157],"aspects":[158],"management":[161],"comorbidities.":[163],"primarily":[167],"intended":[168],"use":[170],"by":[171],"internists":[172],"general":[174],"practitioners":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2024-09-25T00:00:00"}