{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402474075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","title":"The Prokaryotic Roots of Eukaryotic Immune Systems","display_name":"The Prokaryotic Roots of Eukaryotic Immune Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402474075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39265037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92134727","display_name":"Annual Review of Genetics","issn_l":"0066-4197","issn":["0066-4197","1545-2948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026932356","display_name":"L. Aravind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-253X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0771-253X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Aravind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080422008","display_name":"Gianlucca Gon\u00e7alves Nicastro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-2441","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3133-2441"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gianlucca G. Nicastro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045663522","display_name":"Lakshminarayan M. Iyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-2022","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4844-2022"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lakshminarayan M. Iyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004461127","display_name":"Alexander Maxwell Burroughs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-8771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2229-8771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Maxwell Burroughs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; email: aravind@mail.nih.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69640914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"365","last_page":"389"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11403","display_name":"Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms","score":0.4832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11403","display_name":"Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms","score":0.4832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.47530001401901245,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system-evolution","display_name":"immune system evolution","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horizontal-gene-transfer","display_name":"horizontal gene transfer","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-loop-ntpases","display_name":"P-loop NTPases","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programmed-cell-death","display_name":"programmed cell death","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicellularity","display_name":"multicellularity","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-domains","display_name":"protein domains","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8918686509132385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.7334820032119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74318829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36458","display_name":"Multicellular organism","level":3,"score":0.6069096326828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.5361751317977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.5214968919754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.5031883120536804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124388736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3247497","display_name":"Tree of life (biology)","level":4,"score":0.49267345666885376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188880781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2430501","display_name":"Three-domain system","level":4,"score":0.4376296401023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.42662858963012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.423276424407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92938381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83185","display_name":"Horizontal gene transfer","level":4,"score":0.4149358868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3937152922153473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.3802277743816376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.37752050161361694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.32195258140563965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.19679108262062073}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001419","descriptor_name":"Bacteria","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005075","descriptor_name":"Biological Evolution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007107","descriptor_name":"Immune System","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007107","descriptor_name":"Immune System","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007113","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Innate","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010802","descriptor_name":"Phylogeny","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011387","descriptor_name":"Prokaryotic Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011387","descriptor_name":"Prokaryotic Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D056890","descriptor_name":"Eukaryota","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056890","descriptor_name":"Eukaryota","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92134727","display_name":"Annual Review of Genetics","issn_l":"0066-4197","issn":["0066-4197","1545-2948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39265037","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39265037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual review of genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genet-111523-102448","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S92134727","display_name":"Annual Review of Genetics","issn_l":"0066-4197","issn":["0066-4197","1545-2948"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320373","host_organization_name":"Annual Reviews","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320373"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Annual Reviews"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annual Review of Genetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":146,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W122556128","https://openalex.org/W1482431053","https://openalex.org/W1545338345","https://openalex.org/W1647075334","https://openalex.org/W1830872006","https://openalex.org/W1890597695","https://openalex.org/W1965151138","https://openalex.org/W1967829443","https://openalex.org/W1969003508","https://openalex.org/W1971680176","https://openalex.org/W1974954701","https://openalex.org/W1980421520","https://openalex.org/W1981382847","https://openalex.org/W1982536924","https://openalex.org/W1985456114","https://openalex.org/W1989470030","https://openalex.org/W1992007798","https://openalex.org/W1996463917","https://openalex.org/W2000050216","https://openalex.org/W2002225831","https://openalex.org/W2005381060","https://openalex.org/W2005935812","https://openalex.org/W2008771438","https://openalex.org/W2009280448","https://openalex.org/W2009364630","https://openalex.org/W2017241546","https://openalex.org/W2020815519","https://openalex.org/W2021096035","https://openalex.org/W2023183933","https://openalex.org/W2024875935","https://openalex.org/W2027853473","https://openalex.org/W2033464290","https://openalex.org/W2038227545","https://openalex.org/W2041074318","https://openalex.org/W2055987716","https://openalex.org/W2061375526","https://openalex.org/W2067927044","https://openalex.org/W2069554621","https://openalex.org/W2071981344","https://openalex.org/W2073186504","https://openalex.org/W2073640772","https://openalex.org/W2077167882","https://openalex.org/W2084312384","https://openalex.org/W2099721061","https://openalex.org/W2102129697","https://openalex.org/W2109491705","https://openalex.org/W2117861657","https://openalex.org/W2121571048","https://openalex.org/W2122349719","https://openalex.org/W2123982764","https://openalex.org/W2125957866","https://openalex.org/W2131730777","https://openalex.org/W2133190342","https://openalex.org/W2135682056","https://openalex.org/W2137475545","https://openalex.org/W2138835066","https://openalex.org/W2147020223","https://openalex.org/W2162515800","https://openalex.org/W2167340762","https://openalex.org/W2169187392","https://openalex.org/W2170933264","https://openalex.org/W2171260427","https://openalex.org/W2171392588","https://openalex.org/W2178130253","https://openalex.org/W2272814930","https://openalex.org/W2293133253","https://openalex.org/W2329428957","https://openalex.org/W2426122055","https://openalex.org/W2461452298","https://openalex.org/W2522942508","https://openalex.org/W2550092673","https://openalex.org/W2558438718","https://openalex.org/W2568598703","https://openalex.org/W2593590037","https://openalex.org/W2617998463","https://openalex.org/W2625957644","https://openalex.org/W2698430954","https://openalex.org/W2732924043","https://openalex.org/W2734470795","https://openalex.org/W2770137810","https://openalex.org/W2784532673","https://openalex.org/W2785101149","https://openalex.org/W2791234962","https://openalex.org/W2891086076","https://openalex.org/W2917815849","https://openalex.org/W2942111540","https://openalex.org/W2945415822","https://openalex.org/W2947843025","https://openalex.org/W2950684512","https://openalex.org/W2960945633","https://openalex.org/W2961387473","https://openalex.org/W2964641029","https://openalex.org/W2983813317","https://openalex.org/W2992394004","https://openalex.org/W2995081665","https://openalex.org/W2995730770","https://openalex.org/W3007480931","https://openalex.org/W3012283572","https://openalex.org/W3018368421","https://openalex.org/W3033829306","https://openalex.org/W3034546258","https://openalex.org/W3034998636","https://openalex.org/W3041877641","https://openalex.org/W3043910918","https://openalex.org/W3081228941","https://openalex.org/W3082035823","https://openalex.org/W3082970947","https://openalex.org/W3087038497","https://openalex.org/W3088371520","https://openalex.org/W3088540584","https://openalex.org/W3114641222","https://openalex.org/W3119247605","https://openalex.org/W3134056000","https://openalex.org/W3164683859","https://openalex.org/W3203405076","https://openalex.org/W3204044460","https://openalex.org/W3209382658","https://openalex.org/W3216692711","https://openalex.org/W4220782844","https://openalex.org/W4220838810","https://openalex.org/W4220997118","https://openalex.org/W4223512607","https://openalex.org/W4225254138","https://openalex.org/W4246016408","https://openalex.org/W4281485691","https://openalex.org/W4283160203","https://openalex.org/W4283693736","https://openalex.org/W4285006928","https://openalex.org/W4291020693","https://openalex.org/W4293242914","https://openalex.org/W4293298428","https://openalex.org/W4294074096","https://openalex.org/W4296381497","https://openalex.org/W4309409968","https://openalex.org/W4317037129","https://openalex.org/W4319591588","https://openalex.org/W4322495102","https://openalex.org/W4323363046","https://openalex.org/W4367308513","https://openalex.org/W4376121990","https://openalex.org/W4385949307","https://openalex.org/W4386851661","https://openalex.org/W4387965310","https://openalex.org/W4389994583","https://openalex.org/W4390485763","https://openalex.org/W4406956853"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416449875","https://openalex.org/W2040693501","https://openalex.org/W3087691606","https://openalex.org/W3082970947","https://openalex.org/W4400650223","https://openalex.org/W4402127041","https://openalex.org/W7128056533","https://openalex.org/W2077207594","https://openalex.org/W4362508041","https://openalex.org/W2983310029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,18,26,47,59,65,84,115],"past":[2],"two":[3],"decades,":[4],"studies":[5],"have":[6],"revealed":[7],"profound":[8],"evolutionary":[9,39],"connections":[10],"between":[11,112],"prokaryotic":[12,48,106],"and":[13,38,79,86,95,114],"eukaryotic":[14,93],"immune":[15,44,132,139,148],"systems,":[16,76,133],"challenging":[17],"notion":[19],"of":[20,28,43,61,83,105,117],"their":[21,35],"unrelatedness.":[22],"Immune":[23],"systems":[24],"across":[25],"tree":[27],"life":[29],"share":[30],"an":[31,109],"operational":[32],"framework,":[33],"shaping":[34],"biochemical":[36],"logic":[37],"trajectories.":[40],"The":[41],"diversification":[42],"genes":[45],"in":[46,64,92,119],"superkingdoms,":[49],"followed":[50],"by":[51],"lateral":[52],"transfer":[53],"to":[54,58,72],"eukaryotes,":[55],"was":[56],"central":[57],"emergence":[60,116],"innate":[62],"immunity":[63,94,113],"latter.":[66],"These":[67,146],"include":[68],"protein":[69],"domains":[70,82,99],"related":[71],"nucleotide":[73],"second":[74],"messenger-dependent":[75],"NAD+/nucleotide":[77],"degradation,":[78],"P-loop":[80],"NTPase":[81],"STAND":[85],"GTPase":[87],"clades":[88],"playing":[89],"pivotal":[90],"roles":[91],"inflammation.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"several":[98],"orchestrating":[100],"programmed":[101],"cell":[102],"death,":[103],"ultimately":[104],"provenance,":[107],"suggest":[108],"intimate":[110],"link":[111],"multicellularity":[118],"eukaryotes":[120,125],"such":[121],"as":[122],"animals.":[123],"While":[124],"directly":[126],"adopted":[127],"some":[128],"proteins":[129],"from":[130,141],"bacterial":[131,142],"they":[134],"repurposed":[135],"others":[136],"for":[137],"new":[138],"functions":[140],"interorganismal":[143],"conflict":[144],"systems.":[145],"emerging":[147],"components":[149],"hold":[150],"substantial":[151],"biotechnological":[152],"potential.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-09-13T00:00:00"}