{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402441084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","title":"Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for Power Control in Wind Farms","display_name":"Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems for Power Control in Wind Farms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402441084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics13183610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051566913","display_name":"Li Lin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-0216","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-0216","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7707-8138"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156469","display_name":"Hunan Railway Professional Technology College","ror":"https://ror.org/05463eb69","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156469"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Control Institute, Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, Zhuzhou 412001, China","National Engineering Research Center for Robot Vision Perception and Control, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5808-0216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Control Institute, Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, Zhuzhou 412001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156469"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center for Robot Vision Perception and Control, College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047427502","display_name":"Qiaoni Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6592-3598","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6592-3598","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9451-041X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387156469","display_name":"Hunan Railway Professional Technology College","ror":"https://ror.org/05463eb69","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156469"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiaoni Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligent Control Institute, Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, Zhuzhou 412001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligent Control Institute, Hunan Railway Professional Technology College, Zhuzhou 412001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156469"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047427502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387156469"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"fwci":0.6135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58037011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"18","first_page":"3610","last_page":"3610"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10740","display_name":"Wind Turbine Control Systems","score":0.03269999846816063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.005400000140070915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flywheel-energy-storage","display_name":"flywheel energy storage","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-in-the-loop-testing","display_name":"hardware-in-the-loop testing","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-farms","display_name":"wind farms","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"power control","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-motor","display_name":"permanent magnet synchronous motor","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-motor-modeling","display_name":"nonlinear motor modeling","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-models","display_name":"hierarchical models","score":0.4860000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31107917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183576","display_name":"Flywheel","level":2,"score":0.7814630270004272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70587628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142371","display_name":"Hardware-in-the-loop simulation","level":2,"score":0.6229329705238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.608025312423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.5807849168777466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779171476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1538992","display_name":"Flywheel energy storage","level":4,"score":0.5639167428016663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48708248138427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.46260011196136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.4596950113773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.43539857864379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4024391174316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3957415521144867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.33712488412857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3329114317893982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33135825395584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16228628158569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06476041674613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics13183610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics13183610","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13183610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9853000044822693,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017268556","https://openalex.org/W2744569633","https://openalex.org/W2810532744","https://openalex.org/W3153862357","https://openalex.org/W3163438954","https://openalex.org/W4214808516","https://openalex.org/W4221049178","https://openalex.org/W4281638203","https://openalex.org/W4282028900","https://openalex.org/W4286206416","https://openalex.org/W4288771485","https://openalex.org/W4323052138","https://openalex.org/W4384338416","https://openalex.org/W4385454965","https://openalex.org/W4386496581","https://openalex.org/W4386889041","https://openalex.org/W4387112959","https://openalex.org/W4387532726","https://openalex.org/W4389114780","https://openalex.org/W4390706217","https://openalex.org/W4400485186","https://openalex.org/W4401149300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915032115","https://openalex.org/W2350041983","https://openalex.org/W7168371698","https://openalex.org/W3204591971","https://openalex.org/W1501875588","https://openalex.org/W4296859887","https://openalex.org/W181509714","https://openalex.org/W2803702562","https://openalex.org/W2388844608","https://openalex.org/W4403882821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flywheel":[0],"energy":[1],"storage":[2],"systems":[3],"(FESSs)":[4],"are":[5,163,170],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"for":[8,71,192],"power":[9,22,27,156],"regulation":[10],"in":[11,90],"wind":[12,19,26,37,77,159],"farms":[13],"as":[14],"they":[15],"can":[16,186],"balance":[17],"the":[18,25,33,47,72,85,91,100,111,114,129,136,151,155,166,173,182,193],"farms\u2019":[20],"output":[21],"and":[23,42,54,122,143,158],"improve":[24],"grid":[28,157],"connection":[29],"rate.":[30],"Due":[31],"to":[32,44,65,135,150,172],"complex":[34],"environment":[35,70,191],"of":[36,74,81,87,99,113,128,195],"farms,":[38],"it":[39],"is":[40,84,104,120,131],"costly":[41],"time-consuming":[43],"repeatedly":[45],"debug":[46],"system":[48,62,185],"on-site.":[49],"To":[50],"save":[51],"research":[52,56,73],"costs":[53],"shorten":[55],"cycles,":[57],"a":[58,67,96,107,123,188],"hardware-in-the-loop":[59],"(HIL)":[60],"testing":[61,69,93,175,184,190],"was":[63],"built":[64],"provide":[66,187],"convenient":[68,189],"FESSs":[75],"on":[76],"farms.":[78],"The":[79,177],"focus":[80],"this":[82],"study":[83],"construction":[86],"mathematical":[88,97,126,168],"models":[89,162,169],"HIL":[92,174,183],"system.":[94,176],"Firstly,":[95],"model":[98,127],"FESS":[101,196],"main":[102],"circuit":[103],"established":[105,132,167],"using":[106],"hierarchical":[108],"method.":[109],"Secondly,":[110],"principle":[112],"permanent":[115,144],"magnet":[116,145],"synchronous":[117],"motor":[118],"(PMSM)":[119],"analyzed,":[121],"nonlinear":[124],"dq":[125],"PMSM":[130],"by":[133],"referring":[134],"relationship":[137],"among":[138],"d-axis":[139],"inductance,":[140,142],"q-axis":[141],"flux":[146],"change":[147],"with":[148],"respect":[149],"motor\u2019s":[152],"current.":[153],"Then,":[154],"farm":[160],"test":[161],"established.":[164],"Finally,":[165],"applied":[171],"experimental":[178],"results":[179],"indicated":[180],"that":[181],"optimization":[194],"control":[197],"algorithms.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-09-12T00:00:00"}
