{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402434366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","title":"Neurosarcoidosis: Current Perspectives on Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions","display_name":"Neurosarcoidosis: Current Perspectives on Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402434366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39398844","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11469663"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.69208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/286230-neurosarcoidosis-current-perspectives-on-diagnosis-management-and-future-directions.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/286230-neurosarcoidosis-current-perspectives-on-diagnosis-management-and-future-directions.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091548718","display_name":"Tanya Sinha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155028946","display_name":"Tribhuvan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rg1r889","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanya Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NPL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, NPL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155028946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108983440","display_name":"Sohaira Tahir","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405254263","display_name":"Avicenna Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/01kvvc641","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405254263"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sohaira Tahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Avicenna Medical College, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405254263"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092376516","display_name":"FNU Namal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FNU Namal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK","Internal Medicine, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Faisalabad, PAK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad, PAK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5095091758","display_name":"Fnu Vineesha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799309473","display_name":"Liaquat National Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01xytvd82","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799309473"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FNU Vineesha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799309473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113952177","display_name":"FNU Warsha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801518632","display_name":"Jinnah Sindh Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/010pmyd80","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801518632"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"FNU Warsha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801518632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019516720","display_name":"Zeeshan Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-4650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3139-4650"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142016965","display_name":"King Edward Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rrbpf42","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zeeshan Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine and Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine and Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086409740","display_name":"Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-9894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6937-9894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142016965","display_name":"King Edward Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rrbpf42","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine and Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine and Surgery, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087334372","display_name":"Muhammad Haris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4503-8611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142016965","display_name":"King Edward Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rrbpf42","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Haris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113377425","display_name":"Muhammad Mudasser Khan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171003132","display_name":"Rawalpindi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02maedm12","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Mudasser Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019516720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142016965"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64868421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"e69208","last_page":"e69208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11571","display_name":"Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11571","display_name":"Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11909","display_name":"Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurosarcoidosis","display_name":"neurosarcoidosis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarcoidosis","display_name":"sarcoidosis","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system-involvement","display_name":"central nervous system involvement","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peripheral-nerve-involvement","display_name":"peripheral nerve involvement","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cranial-neuropathy","display_name":"cranial neuropathy","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizures","display_name":"seizures","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meningitis","display_name":"meningitis","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-impairment","display_name":"cognitive impairment","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delayed-diagnosis","display_name":"delayed diagnosis","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"neuroimaging","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-analysis","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid analysis","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomarkers","display_name":"biomarkers","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis-from-multiple-sclerosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis from multiple sclerosis","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycophenolate-mofetil","display_name":"mycophenolate mofetil","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tnf-alpha-inhibitors","display_name":"TNF-alpha inhibitors","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infliximab","display_name":"infliximab","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multidisciplinary-management","display_name":"multidisciplinary management","score":0.6790000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9758772850036621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778335692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12859178","display_name":"Neurosarcoidosis","level":3,"score":0.7164161205291748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6482260823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.46404215693473816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.39186108112335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781301800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193894","display_name":"Sarcoidosis","level":2,"score":0.2587823271751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.19002801179885864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.69208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/286230-neurosarcoidosis-current-perspectives-on-diagnosis-management-and-future-directions.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11469663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11469663","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11469663/pdf/cureus-0016-00000069208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39398844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39398844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.69208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69208","pdf_url":"https://www.cureus.com/articles/286230-neurosarcoidosis-current-perspectives-on-diagnosis-management-and-future-directions.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402434366.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402434366.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515996753","https://openalex.org/W1522561918","https://openalex.org/W1972472822","https://openalex.org/W1972789732","https://openalex.org/W1992474954","https://openalex.org/W1993175409","https://openalex.org/W2019099094","https://openalex.org/W2039778296","https://openalex.org/W2044606925","https://openalex.org/W2049596894","https://openalex.org/W2101734020","https://openalex.org/W2102357557","https://openalex.org/W2108353178","https://openalex.org/W2131224589","https://openalex.org/W2337822254","https://openalex.org/W2554532091","https://openalex.org/W2591931659","https://openalex.org/W2623808236","https://openalex.org/W2764110357","https://openalex.org/W2888794374","https://openalex.org/W2895332890","https://openalex.org/W2896446607","https://openalex.org/W2896951770","https://openalex.org/W2898135864","https://openalex.org/W2945268603","https://openalex.org/W2964917848","https://openalex.org/W2980834605","https://openalex.org/W2982158975","https://openalex.org/W2999349450","https://openalex.org/W3022627762","https://openalex.org/W3044368761","https://openalex.org/W3044930638","https://openalex.org/W3096482859","https://openalex.org/W3098555890","https://openalex.org/W3119841505","https://openalex.org/W3170130937","https://openalex.org/W3170724073","https://openalex.org/W3203119215","https://openalex.org/W4246683166","https://openalex.org/W4286699768","https://openalex.org/W4296988653","https://openalex.org/W4297094134","https://openalex.org/W4360866975","https://openalex.org/W4366742283","https://openalex.org/W4378781473","https://openalex.org/W4389684905","https://openalex.org/W4392077889","https://openalex.org/W4394601983","https://openalex.org/W4398240069","https://openalex.org/W6755766015"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402776691","https://openalex.org/W4246683166","https://openalex.org/W4414020614","https://openalex.org/W4321115613","https://openalex.org/W2102357557","https://openalex.org/W4254771913","https://openalex.org/W1956451613","https://openalex.org/W1986066758","https://openalex.org/W4380201758","https://openalex.org/W2945268603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neurosarcoidosis,":[0],"a":[1,23,50,141],"manifestation":[2],"of":[3,26,38,52,61,138,147,167,188,193],"sarcoidosis":[4],"affecting":[5],"the":[6,161,191,222],"central":[7],"or":[8],"peripheral":[9],"nervous":[10],"system,":[11],"presents":[12],"unique":[13],"challenges":[14],"in":[15,66,132,159,221],"diagnosis":[16,218],"and":[17,33,45,59,77,110,150,164,179,186,196,203,209,219],"management.":[18],"Neurosarcoidosis":[19],"can":[20],"manifest":[21],"with":[22,99,144],"wide":[24],"range":[25],"symptoms,":[27],"including":[28,69],"cranial":[29],"neuropathies,":[30],"seizures,":[31],"meningitis,":[32],"cognitive":[34],"impairments.":[35],"The":[36,135,184],"heterogeneity":[37,187],"presentations":[39],"often":[40,101],"leads":[41],"to":[42,199],"diagnostic":[43,82],"delays":[44],"complications.":[46],"Diagnosis":[47],"relies":[48],"on":[49],"combination":[51],"clinical":[53],"features,":[54],"neuroimaging,":[55],"cerebrospinal":[56],"fluid":[57],"analysis,":[58],"evidence":[60],"systemic":[62],"sarcoidosis.":[63],"Recent":[64],"advances":[65],"imaging":[67,182],"techniques,":[68],"high-resolution":[70],"MRI,":[71],"positron":[72],"emission":[73],"tomography":[74],"(PET)":[75],"scans,":[76],"novel":[78,181],"biomarkers,":[79,175],"have":[80,129],"improved":[81],"accuracy.":[83],"However,":[84],"distinguishing":[85],"neurosarcoidosis":[86,139,189],"from":[87],"mimicking":[88],"conditions":[89],"such":[90,107],"as":[91,108,116],"multiple":[92],"sclerosis":[93],"remains":[94],"challenging.":[95],"Treatment":[96],"typically":[97],"begins":[98],"corticosteroids,":[100],"requiring":[102],"long-term":[103,136],"immunosuppression.":[104],"Second-line":[105],"agents":[106],"methotrexate":[109],"mycophenolate":[111],"mofetil":[112],"are":[113],"frequently":[114],"used":[115],"steroid-sparing":[117],"options.":[118],"Biologic":[119],"therapies,":[120,178],"particularly":[121],"Tumor":[122],"necrosis":[123],"factor-alpha":[124],"(TNF-\u03b1)":[125],"inhibitors":[126],"like":[127],"infliximab,":[128],"shown":[130],"promise":[131],"refractory":[133],"cases.":[134],"management":[137,166],"necessitates":[140],"multidisciplinary":[142],"approach":[143],"regular":[145],"monitoring":[146],"disease":[148],"activity":[149],"treatment":[151,220],"response.":[152],"Despite":[153],"advancements,":[154],"significant":[155],"knowledge":[156],"gaps":[157],"persist":[158],"understanding":[160,202],"etiology,":[162],"pathophysiology,":[163],"optimal":[165],"neurosarcoidosis.":[168],"Future":[169],"research":[170],"directions":[171],"include":[172],"identifying":[173],"specific":[174],"developing":[176],"targeted":[177],"exploring":[180],"techniques.":[183],"rarity":[185],"underscore":[190],"importance":[192],"multicenter":[194],"studies":[195],"international":[197],"collaborations":[198],"advance":[200],"our":[201],"improve":[204],"patient":[205],"outcomes.":[206],"Emerging":[207],"technologies":[208],"innovative":[210],"therapeutic":[211],"approaches":[212],"offer":[213],"promising":[214],"avenues":[215],"for":[216],"enhancing":[217],"coming":[223],"years.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-09-12T00:00:00"}