{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402215867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","title":"An Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for Cotton Crop Yield Prediction Using Weather Parameters: A Case Study of Pakistan","display_name":"An Ensemble Machine Learning Framework for Cotton Crop Yield Prediction Using Weather Parameters: A Case Study of Pakistan","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402215867","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041386071","display_name":"Syed Tahseen Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-7876","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-7876"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200749728","display_name":"Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/035zn2q74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Tahseen Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","University Institute of Information Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9603-7876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Institute of Information Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001524271","display_name":"Wenping Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-6211","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0189-6211"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96908189","display_name":"Xinjiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gw8r13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenping Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, \u00dcr\u00fcmqi, Xinjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, \u00dcr\u00fcmqi, Xinjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96908189"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100393880","display_name":"Jianqiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-9249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-9249","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-962X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1995-9249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059289090","display_name":"Saif Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-6479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-6479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200749728","display_name":"Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/035zn2q74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Institute of Information Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5810-6479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Institute of Information Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078863502","display_name":"Azhar Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-2780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-2780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azhar Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3598-2780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Air University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469202","display_name":"Mohamed Abdel Fattah Sharaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-8366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-8366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdel Fattah Sharaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-8366","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Syed Muhammad Haider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-9018","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-9018"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200749728","display_name":"Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/035zn2q74","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Haider","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","University Institute of Information Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7171-9018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Institute of Information Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200749728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"apc_paid":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"fwci":8.0271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98436259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"124045","last_page":"124061"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.0044999998062849045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"ensemble learning","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"random forest","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-gradient-boosting","display_name":"extreme gradient boosting","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorological-variables","display_name":"meteorological parameters","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorological-observations","display_name":"meteorological observations","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bagging","display_name":"bagging","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"stacking","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"boosting","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kharif-season","display_name":"kharif season","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-punjab","display_name":"Central Punjab","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6846450567245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6189036965370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5442327857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5290043950080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.4965694546699524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126343540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q889514","display_name":"Crop yield","level":2,"score":0.4957767426967621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46255460381507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987469573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.43136733770370483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88463610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194118","display_name":"Agricultural engineering","level":1,"score":0.40531817078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.31089866161346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.17366230487823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08718001842498779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.07381623983383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba8cacd2f4fa4400893ddec83a6fa950","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba8cacd2f4fa4400893ddec83a6fa950","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 124045-124061 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454511","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.4943999946117401,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996056882","https://openalex.org/W2139086914","https://openalex.org/W2161994757","https://openalex.org/W2282217066","https://openalex.org/W2564103795","https://openalex.org/W2599078327","https://openalex.org/W2747615933","https://openalex.org/W2808894386","https://openalex.org/W2950393598","https://openalex.org/W2971683538","https://openalex.org/W2978376117","https://openalex.org/W2998868568","https://openalex.org/W2999658315","https://openalex.org/W3000098473","https://openalex.org/W3000401156","https://openalex.org/W3012200145","https://openalex.org/W3043079746","https://openalex.org/W3107408591","https://openalex.org/W3131716080","https://openalex.org/W3135825332","https://openalex.org/W3156577461","https://openalex.org/W3197783225","https://openalex.org/W3209616768","https://openalex.org/W4211162291","https://openalex.org/W4224439993","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W4313582519","https://openalex.org/W4391514872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4297999086","https://openalex.org/W4401804847","https://openalex.org/W7204126196","https://openalex.org/W3045046752","https://openalex.org/W4395690852","https://openalex.org/W7161786238","https://openalex.org/W3200410849","https://openalex.org/W3184733218","https://openalex.org/W3117566954","https://openalex.org/W4407864952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,228,245],"Pakistan,":[1],"agriculture":[2,92],"is":[3,96,388],"one":[4],"of":[5,19,28,82,120,141,153,161,210,220,233,262,294,304,346,354,384],"the":[6,71,76,80,83,118,146,154,159,162,184,208,229,246,259,263,267,283,344,355,369,373,376,381],"most":[7],"common":[8],"and":[9,17,46,63,130,135,175,214,239,250,329,334,380,392],"least":[10],"lucrative":[11],"professions.":[12],"It":[13],"provides":[14],"between":[15,375],"18%":[16],"25%":[18],"Pakistan\u2019s":[20,29],"overall":[21],"gross":[22],"domestic":[23],"product":[24],"(GDP).":[25],"The":[26,102,218,254,320,361],"majority":[27],"crops,":[30],"like":[31],"cotton,":[32],"are":[33,39,66,270],"completely":[34],"weather-dependent.":[35],"Regarding":[36],"this,":[37],"farmers":[38],"constantly":[40],"attempting":[41],"to":[42,48,54,90,98,116,197,282,317,351,358,371],"implement":[43],"new":[44],"techniques":[45],"technology":[47],"boost":[49],"crop":[50,55,100,143,156],"yields.":[51,101],"Technology-based":[52],"approaches":[53,303],"yield":[56,378,383],"analysis,":[57],"such":[58,126],"as":[59,127,178,180,188,315,337],"machine":[60,211],"learning":[61,212],"(ML)":[62],"data":[64,234,240],"mining,":[65],"causing":[67],"a":[68,292],"boom":[69],"in":[70,108,123,158,167,280,368,390],"agricultural":[72],"sector":[73],"by":[74,273],"altering":[75],"revenue":[77],"scenario":[78],"through":[79],"growth":[81,134],"best":[84],"crop.":[85],"By":[86],"utilizing":[87],"ML":[88],"algorithms":[89,213],"analyze":[91],"climatic":[93],"data,":[94],"it":[95,332],"possible":[97],"increase":[99,359],"proposed":[103,196,264,310,321,362],"research":[104],"was":[105],"carried":[106],"out":[107],"two":[109,226],"dimensions.":[110],"Initially,":[111],"field":[112],"observations":[113],"were":[114,171,252],"made":[115],"determine":[117],"effects":[119],"daily":[121],"variations":[122],"meteorological":[124,174],"parameters,":[125],"rainfall,":[128],"temperature,":[129],"wind,":[131],"on":[132,202,207],"plant":[133],"development":[136],"at":[137],"each":[138],"phonological":[139,151,176],"stage":[140],"cotton":[142,155,185,199,305],"production.":[144],"Throughout":[145],"Kharif":[147],"Seasons":[148],"2005-2020,":[149],"various":[150],"stages":[152],"grown":[157,389],"fields":[160],"Ayyub":[163],"Agriculture":[164],"Research":[165],"Institute":[166],"Faisalabad":[168],"(Central":[169],"Punjab)":[170],"monitored":[172],"using":[173,266],"observations,":[177],"well":[179],"soil":[181],"data.":[182,204],"Finally,":[183],"prediction":[186,249,260],"framework":[187],"Random":[189],"Forest":[190],"Extreme":[191,285],"Gradient":[192,286],"(RFXG)":[193],"has":[194,291],"been":[195,223,243],"predict":[198],"production":[200],"based":[201],"observed":[203],"RFXG":[205,221,265,322],"concentrates":[206],"quantification":[209],"their":[215],"practical":[216],"application.":[217],"workings":[219],"have":[222,242],"divided":[224],"into":[225],"phases.":[227],"very":[230,366],"first":[231],"phase":[232],"collection,":[235],"preprocessing,":[236],"attribute":[237],"selection,":[238],"splitting":[241],"presented.":[244],"following":[247],"phase,":[248],"evaluation":[251],"developed.":[253],"comparative":[255],"results":[256,261,314,345],"show":[257],"that":[258,309],"optimization":[268],"algorithm":[269],"significantly":[271],"improved":[272],"0.05":[274],"RMSE":[275,293],"(Root":[276],"Mean":[277],"Square":[278],"Error)":[279],"comparison":[281],"traditional":[284],"Boost":[287],"(XGB)":[288],"model,":[289],"which":[290,387],"0.07.":[295],"Proposed":[296],"technique":[297,311],"also":[298],"compared":[299,316,338],"with":[300,339],"some":[301],"baseline":[302,318],"predication.":[306],"Comparison":[307],"shows":[308],"achieves":[312],"better":[313],"approaches.":[319,341],"model":[323],"(ensemble-based":[324],"method)":[325],"can":[326],"bag,":[327],"stack,":[328],"boost,":[330],"making":[331],"fast":[333],"efficient":[335],"predications":[336],"existing":[340],"Bagging":[342],"averages,":[343],"numerous":[347],"decision":[348],"tree":[349],"fit":[350],"different":[352],"subsets":[353],"same":[356],"dataset":[357],"accuracy.":[360],"study":[363],"will":[364],"be":[365],"useful":[367],"future":[370],"close":[372],"gap":[374],"current":[377],"obtained":[379],"potential":[382],"this":[385],"cultivar,":[386],"Pakistan":[391],"other":[393],"cotton-growing":[394],"locations.":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2024-09-05T00:00:00"}
