{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402039267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","title":"Phishing website detection using novel integration of BERT and XLNet with deep learning sequential models","display_name":"Phishing website detection using novel integration of BERT and XLNet with deep learning sequential models","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402039267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","pdf_url":"https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/download/37192/18742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764855249","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","issn_l":"2502-4752","issn":["2502-4752","2502-4760"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/download/37192/18742","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031634601","display_name":"Kongara Srinivasa Rao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-7835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-7835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138731","display_name":"ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/04p3pp808","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138731"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kongara Srinivasa Rao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education (IFHE)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2254-7835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education (IFHE)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037664870","display_name":"D\u0131nesh Valluru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1163"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Valluru","raw_affiliation_strings":["MLRITM Engineering College"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-1163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MLRITM Engineering College","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065559014","display_name":"Satish Kumar Patnala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-2171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-2171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405272215","display_name":"GMR Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03rxvm679","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405272215"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satishkumar Patnala","raw_affiliation_strings":["GMR Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7352-2171","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GMR Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405272215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ravi Babu Devareddi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-4568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-4568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Babu Devareddi","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITAM University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8328-4568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITAM University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103233987","display_name":"Tummalapalli Siva Rama Krishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-4393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-4393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142809039","display_name":"Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada","ror":"https://ror.org/05s9t8c95","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142809039"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tummalapalli Siva Rama Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3351-4393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142809039"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021222757","display_name":"Andavarapu Sravani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-7884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-7884"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885392262","display_name":"GITAM University","ror":"https://ror.org/0440p1d37","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andavarapu Sravani","raw_affiliation_strings":["GITAM Deemed to be University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-7884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GITAM Deemed to be University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885392262"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3871,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73720438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"1273","last_page":"1273"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing-website-detection","display_name":"phishing website detection","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bert","display_name":"BERT","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xlnet","display_name":"XLNet","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-deep-learning","display_name":"hybrid deep learning model","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-networks","display_name":"recurrent neural networks","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lstm","display_name":"LSTM","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gru","display_name":"GRU","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybersecurity","display_name":"cybersecurity","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-threats","display_name":"cyber threats","score":0.5429999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.7187581062316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.615991473197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.561075747013092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48700791597366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3822063207626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.35276249051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.19778546690940857}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","pdf_url":"https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/download/37192/18742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764855249","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","issn_l":"2502-4752","issn":["2502-4752","2502-4760"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v36.i2.pp1273-1283","pdf_url":"https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/download/37192/18742","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764855249","display_name":"Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","issn_l":"2502-4752","issn":["2502-4752","2502-4760"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315009","host_organization_name":"Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315009"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES)"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402039267.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402039267.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3082895349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Phishing":[0],"websites":[1],"pose":[2],"a":[3,59],"significant":[4],"threat":[5],"to":[6,13,145,161],"online":[7,163],"security,":[8],"necessitating":[9],"robust":[10],"detection":[11,140],"mechanisms":[12],"safeguard":[14],"users'":[15],"sensitive":[16],"information.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"explores":[20],"the":[21,70,130,147,154],"efficacy":[22],"of":[23,52,72,118,132,156],"various":[24],"deep":[25,134],"learning":[26,135],"architectures":[27,67,136],"for":[28],"phishing":[29,139],"website":[30],"detection.":[31],"Initially,":[32],"traditional":[33,73],"sequential":[34,74],"models,":[35,80],"including":[36],"recurrent":[37,47],"neural":[38],"networks":[39],"(RNN),":[40],"long":[41],"short-term":[42],"memory":[43],"(LSTM),":[44],"and":[45,55,87,109,124,152],"gated":[46],"unit":[48],"(GRU),":[49],"achieve":[50],"accuracies":[51,117],"95%,":[53],"96%,":[54],"96.5%,":[56,120],"respectively,":[57,126],"on":[58],"curated":[60],"dataset.":[61],"Building":[62],"upon":[63],"these":[64],"results,":[65],"hybrid":[66,133],"that":[68],"combine":[69],"strengths":[71],"models":[75],"with":[76,95,98,101,104,107,111],"state-of-the-art":[77,148],"language":[78],"representation":[79],"bidirectional":[81],"encoder":[82],"representations":[83],"from":[84],"transformers":[85],"(BERT)":[86],"XLNet,":[88,105],"are":[89,113,127],"investigated.":[90],"Combinations":[91],"such":[92],"as":[93],"RNN":[94,103],"BERT,":[96],"BERT":[97,100],"LSTM,":[99,108],"GRU,":[102],"XLNet":[106,110],"GRU":[112],"evaluated.":[114],"Through":[115],"experimentation,":[116],"94.5%,":[119],"96.1%,":[121],"95.7%,":[122],"97.4%,":[123],"97%,":[125],"achieved,":[128],"demonstrating":[129],"effectiveness":[131],"in":[137,149],"enhancing":[138],"performance.":[141],"These":[142],"findings":[143],"contribute":[144],"advancing":[146],"cybersecurity":[150],"practices":[151],"underscore":[153],"importance":[155],"leveraging":[157],"diverse":[158],"model":[159],"types":[160],"combat":[162],"threats":[164],"effectively.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2024-08-31T00:00:00"}