{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401923780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","title":"Seasonal variation in the ranging behavior of elephants in the Laikipia\u2010Samburu ecosystem","display_name":"Seasonal variation in the ranging behavior of elephants in the Laikipia\u2010Samburu ecosystem","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401923780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39193170","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11347863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.70198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.70198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.70198","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Loise W. Kuria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4422-7029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4422-7029"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221899656","display_name":"Karatina University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bm15q02","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Loise W. Kuria","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University  Karatina Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4422-7029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University  Karatina Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051942782","display_name":"Duncan M. Kimuyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-4970","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6077-4970"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221899656","display_name":"Karatina University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bm15q02","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151173","display_name":"Mpala Research Center and Wildlife Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04c466w42","country_code":"KE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151173"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duncan M. Kimuyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mpala Research Center and Wildlife Foundation  Nanyuki Kenya","School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University  Karatina Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mpala Research Center and Wildlife Foundation  Nanyuki Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151173"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University  Karatina Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050824249","display_name":"Mwangi James Kinyanjui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-5458","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-5458"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221899656","display_name":"Karatina University","ror":"https://ror.org/04bm15q02","country_code":"KE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mwangi J. Kinyanjui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University  Karatina Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Karatina University  Karatina Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072381303","display_name":"George Wittemyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-5355","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-5355"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18559436","display_name":"Save the Elephants","ror":"https://ror.org/019ae2j05","country_code":"KE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18559436"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Wittemyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Save the Elephants  Nairobi Kenya"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1640-5355","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Save the Elephants  Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18559436"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050457650","display_name":"Festus Wanderi Ihwagi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-5726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-5726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18559436","display_name":"Save the Elephants","ror":"https://ror.org/019ae2j05","country_code":"KE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18559436"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Festus W. Ihwagi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Save the Elephants  Nairobi Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Save the Elephants  Nairobi Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18559436"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221899656"],"apc_list":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"apc_paid":{"value":2470,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2470},"fwci":2.0959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84824935,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"e70198","last_page":"e70198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13388","display_name":"Rangeland and Wildlife Management","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12644","display_name":"Wildlife-Road Interactions and Conservation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-savanna-elephant","display_name":"African savanna elephant","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-home-range","display_name":"seasonal home range","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging-behavior","display_name":"ranging behavior","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-use","display_name":"space use","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proximity-to-rivers","display_name":"river proximity","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-arid-savanna","display_name":"semi-arid savanna","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-uncertainty","display_name":"climate change uncertainty","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.7039999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201920390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422692","display_name":"Home range","level":3,"score":0.7628430128097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7106600999832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30787403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1246061","display_name":"Deserts and xeric shrublands","level":3,"score":0.685693621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9777977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146575","display_name":"Dry season","level":2,"score":0.6684997081756592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52322663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3117517","display_name":"Wet season","level":2,"score":0.6097899079322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5903620719909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.565952718257904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5542216300964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150772632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330709","display_name":"Arid","level":2,"score":0.5126820802688599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.510583221912384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.41584280133247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2249419093132019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.18180334568023682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.70198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.70198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11347863","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11347863","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11347863/pdf/ECE3-14-e70198.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecol Evol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39193170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39193170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and evolution","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:24082ed34de74d6a9bfff73d6f76434a","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/24082ed34de74d6a9bfff73d6f76434a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution, Vol 14, Iss 8, Pp n/a-n/a (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/ece3.70198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.70198","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/ece3.70198","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2482021738","display_name":"Ecology and Evolution","issn_l":"2045-7758","issn":["2045-7758"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecology and Evolution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401923780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401923780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W75045842","https://openalex.org/W1560905969","https://openalex.org/W1705792075","https://openalex.org/W1970081878","https://openalex.org/W1974152468","https://openalex.org/W1978561520","https://openalex.org/W1992273467","https://openalex.org/W1992421424","https://openalex.org/W2015774747","https://openalex.org/W2016683988","https://openalex.org/W2026390423","https://openalex.org/W2030508197","https://openalex.org/W2030539242","https://openalex.org/W2049174449","https://openalex.org/W2052624122","https://openalex.org/W2065735069","https://openalex.org/W2079707219","https://openalex.org/W2083334619","https://openalex.org/W2086786067","https://openalex.org/W2092348561","https://openalex.org/W2098547599","https://openalex.org/W2103227323","https://openalex.org/W2104670212","https://openalex.org/W2106650239","https://openalex.org/W2109259734","https://openalex.org/W2115442455","https://openalex.org/W2115770459","https://openalex.org/W2118642524","https://openalex.org/W2125145701","https://openalex.org/W2128387589","https://openalex.org/W2131519042","https://openalex.org/W2146948524","https://openalex.org/W2153484257","https://openalex.org/W2155697835","https://openalex.org/W2159078449","https://openalex.org/W2160727119","https://openalex.org/W2171420116","https://openalex.org/W2172695507","https://openalex.org/W2214949957","https://openalex.org/W2307442473","https://openalex.org/W2312620158","https://openalex.org/W2554770559","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2789450708","https://openalex.org/W2883472188","https://openalex.org/W2937854818","https://openalex.org/W2955382901","https://openalex.org/W2955827681","https://openalex.org/W2977409529","https://openalex.org/W3100143906","https://openalex.org/W4200562335","https://openalex.org/W4235470294","https://openalex.org/W4243570659","https://openalex.org/W4251971216","https://openalex.org/W4254027578","https://openalex.org/W4295809551","https://openalex.org/W4309635293","https://openalex.org/W4312192890","https://openalex.org/W4388275246","https://openalex.org/W6892785493"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4401871757","https://openalex.org/W4416109178","https://openalex.org/W7123399501","https://openalex.org/W4406222208","https://openalex.org/W4402679258","https://openalex.org/W4251971216","https://openalex.org/W1915457405","https://openalex.org/W2341683138","https://openalex.org/W3173693231","https://openalex.org/W2114337876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"African":[1],"savanna":[2],"elephants":[3,80,137,188,255],"are":[4,25],"a":[5,52,62],"highly":[6],"mobile":[7],"species":[8],"that":[9],"ranges":[10],"widely":[11],"across":[12],"the":[13,29,69,82,115,172,177,182,194,207,233,236,245,248,270],"diversity":[14],"of":[15,31,64,79,86,134,272],"ecosystems":[16],"they":[17],"inhabit.":[18],"In":[19,47],"xeric":[20],"environments,":[21],"elephant":[22],"movement":[23,45,54],"patterns":[24,277],"largely":[26],"dictated":[27],"by":[28],"availability":[30],"water":[32],"and":[33,123,156,161,167],"suitable":[34],"forage":[35],"resources,":[36],"which":[37,72,261],"can":[38,262],"drive":[39],"strong":[40],"seasonal":[41,73,99,110,223],"changes":[42,74],"in":[43,81,219,269,275],"their":[44,202,220,257],"behavior.":[46],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50,107],"analyzed":[51],"unique":[53],"dataset":[55],"from":[56,139,193,217,232,244],"43":[57],"collared":[58],"elephants,":[59],"collected":[60],"over":[61],"period":[63],"10":[65],"years,":[66],"to":[67,71,96,141,206,222,228,279],"assess":[68],"degree":[70],"influences":[75],"home":[76,100,111,120,126,146,162],"range":[77,101,112,121,127,147,163],"size":[78],"semi\u2010arid,":[83],"Laikipia\u2010Samburu":[84],"ecosystem":[85],"northern":[87],"Kenya.":[88],"Auto\u2010correlated":[89],"Kernel":[90],"Density":[91],"Estimation":[92],"(AKDE)":[93],"was":[94],"used":[95],"estimate":[97],"elephants'":[98],"size.":[102],"For":[103],"each":[104],"individual":[105,136],"elephant,":[106],"also":[108],"calculated":[109],"shifts,":[113],"as":[114],"distance":[116],"between":[117,154],"wet":[118,173,237],"season":[119,125,174],"centroids":[122,185],"dry":[124,178,249],"centroids.":[128],"Core":[129,159],"areas":[130,160,204,230,242],"(50%":[131],"AKDE":[132,151],"isopleths)":[133,152],"all":[135,187],"ranged":[138,153],"3":[140],"1743":[142],"km2":[143],"whereas":[144],"total":[145],"sizes":[148,164],"(the":[149],"95%":[150],"15":[155],"10,677":[157],"km2.":[158],"were":[165,189],"67%":[166],"61%":[168],"larger,":[169],"respectively,":[170],"during":[171,176,235,247],"than":[175,209],"season.":[179,250],"On":[180],"average,":[181],"core":[183,203],"area":[184,267],"for":[186],"17":[190],"km":[191],"away":[192],"nearest":[195],"river":[196,208,234,246],"(range":[197],"0.2\u2013150.3":[198],"km).":[199,214],"Females":[200,215],"had":[201],"closer":[205],"males":[210,218,240],"(13.5":[211],"vs.":[212],"27.5":[213],"differed":[216],"response":[221],"variation.":[224],"Specifically,":[225],"females":[226],"tended":[227],"occupy":[229],"farther":[231],"season,":[238],"while":[239],"occupied":[241],"further":[243],"Our":[251],"study":[252],"highlights":[253],"how":[254],"adjust":[256],"space":[258],"use":[259],"seasonally,":[260],"be":[263],"incorporated":[264],"into":[265],"conservation":[266],"planning":[268],"face":[271],"increased":[273],"uncertainty":[274],"rainfall":[276],"due":[278],"climate":[280],"change.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2024-08-28T00:00:00"}
