{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401774697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","title":"Assessing Farmers' Vulnerability to Climate Change: Insights and Adaptive Strategies","display_name":"Assessing Farmers' Vulnerability to Climate Change: Insights and Adaptive Strategies","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401774697","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089538088","display_name":"M. H. Shankara","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199921877","display_name":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/03js6zg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shankara M. H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004506223","display_name":"M. Shivamurthy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199921877","display_name":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/03js6zg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivamurthy M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012860315","display_name":"C. M. Savitha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199921877","display_name":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/03js6zg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Savitha C. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106646223","display_name":"Shashi Kiran A. S.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199921877","display_name":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/03js6zg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashi Kiran A. S.","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099084999","display_name":"Chaitra T.M","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199921877","display_name":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/03js6zg56","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaitra T.M","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199921877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12157863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"591","last_page":"599"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-vulnerability-index","display_name":"climate vulnerability index","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-capacity","display_name":"adaptive capacity","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainfall-variability","display_name":"rainfall variability","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-variability","display_name":"temperature variability","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-subsidies","display_name":"crop subsidies","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/price-support","display_name":"price support","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/farmers-perceptions","display_name":"farmer perceptions","score":0.43700000643730164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.7029728889465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6873728036880493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6550347805023193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777006462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738275","display_name":"Adaptive capacity","level":3,"score":0.5676066279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.5143321752548218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.4774670898914337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.46758079528808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9777977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146575","display_name":"Dry season","level":2,"score":0.44058138132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.4299229681491852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.4221996068954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.3639605641365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.32217830419540405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.32193636894226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.26210469007492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.11194717884063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.08968251943588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.08514136075973511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08313581347465515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.07771074771881104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:journalijecc.com:article/4379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalijecc.com/index.php/IJECC/article/view/4379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2581-8627","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05124049v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05124049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 2024, 14 (8), pp.591-599. ⟨10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","doi":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i84379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233270","display_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","issn_l":"2581-8627","issn":["2581-8627"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320855","host_organization_name":"Sciencedomain International","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320855"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Sciencedomain International"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Environment and Climate Change","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.9208999872207642},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.666700005531311}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.6000000238418579}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W178426947","https://openalex.org/W2010751289","https://openalex.org/W2119727696","https://openalex.org/W2341729838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2916587909","https://openalex.org/W2556105731","https://openalex.org/W2184492044","https://openalex.org/W2153802136","https://openalex.org/W2921143252","https://openalex.org/W3080966714","https://openalex.org/W2761051961","https://openalex.org/W2095724846","https://openalex.org/W577931371","https://openalex.org/W3147374677"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vulnerability":[0,154],"of":[1,25,35,51,76,116,128,157,177,181,185,195,218,242,254,278],"farmers":[2,52,117,129,197,285],"to":[3,9,17,19,47,53,59,114,118,141,201,205,223,231,237,245,267,270,283],"climate":[4,36,54,119,142,291],"change":[5,37,55,143,292],"is":[6],"intimately":[7],"related":[8],"poverty,":[10],"as":[11],"the":[12,26,33,43,49,69,102,105,131,150,193,196,207,235,240,261,272,284],"poor":[13],"are":[14,28],"least":[15],"able":[16],"respond":[18],"climatic":[20],"stimuli.":[21],"Further,":[22],"certain":[23],"regions":[24],"world":[27],"more":[29,216],"harshly":[30],"affected":[31],"by":[32,214],"effects":[34],"than":[38],"others.":[39],"With":[40,112],"this":[41],"background":[42],"study":[44,132],"was":[45,66,107,165,187],"conducted":[46],"know":[48],"vulnerability":[50],"and":[56,79,93,122,126,138,162,170],"their":[57],"suggestions":[58],"overcome":[60],"its":[61],"ill":[62],"effects.":[63],"The":[64,173,189],"data":[65,106,190],"collected":[67,108],"from":[68,82,86,90,95,109],"Central":[70,182],"Dry":[71,183],"Zone":[72,184],"(Zone":[73],"-":[74],"IV)":[75],"Karnataka.":[77],"Tiptur":[78],"Chiknayakanahalli":[80,161],"taluks":[81,180],"Tumakuru":[83],"district,":[84,88],"Kadur":[85],"Chikmagalore":[87],"Arsikere":[89],"Hassan":[91],"district":[92,97],"Challakere":[94,163],"Chitradurga":[96],"were":[98,124,134],"selected":[99,125,179],"purposively":[100],"for":[101,234],"study.":[103],"Totally,":[104],"150":[110],"respondents.":[111],"respect":[113],"exposure":[115],"change,":[120],"rainfall":[121],"temperature":[123],"majority":[127,194],"in":[130,210,260],"area":[133],"severely":[135],"exposed":[136],"(0.822)":[137],"sensitive":[139],"(0.894)":[140],"with":[144],"lower":[145],"adaptive":[146],"capacity":[147],"(0.576)":[148],"between":[149],"year":[151],"2013-2017.":[152],"Climate":[153],"Index":[155],"(CVI)":[156],"Arsikere,":[158],"Kadur,":[159],"Tiptur,":[160],"taluk":[164],"0.186,":[166],"0.226,":[167],"0.224,":[168],"0.220":[169],"0.241,":[171],"respectively.":[172],"overall":[174],"CVI":[175],"value":[176],"all":[178,271],"Karnataka":[186],"0.218.":[188],"revealed":[191],"that,":[192],"suggested,":[198],"Government":[199],"has":[200,230,266],"take":[202],"necessary":[203],"steps":[204],"fill":[206],"water":[208],"bodies":[209],"villages":[211,262],"(I)":[212],"followed":[213],"Providing":[215],"number":[217],"drip/":[219],"sprinkler":[220],"irrigation":[221],"facility":[222],"cover":[224],"maximum":[225],"farm":[226],"families":[227],"(II),":[228,248],"Subsidies/compensation":[229],"be":[232,268],"given":[233,269],"crops":[236],"make":[238],"up":[239],"cost":[241,277],"cultivation":[243,279],"due":[244],"weather":[246],"aberrations":[247],"Development":[249],"department":[250],"should":[251],"ensure":[252],"supplying":[253],"production":[255],"inputs":[256],"at":[257],"appropriate":[258,287],"time":[259],"(III),":[263],"Support":[264],"price":[265],"crop":[273],"produce":[274],"based":[275],"on":[276],"(IV),":[280],"Creating":[281],"awareness":[282],"about":[286],"adaptation":[288],"measures":[289],"against":[290],"(V)":[293],"etc.,":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-03T13:16:28.481748","created_date":"2024-08-23T00:00:00"}