{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401756342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","title":"Deep Learning-Assisted Smartphone-Based Electrochemiluminescence Visual Monitoring Biosensor: A Fully Integrated Portable Platform","display_name":"Deep Learning-Assisted Smartphone-Based Electrochemiluminescence Visual Monitoring Biosensor: A Fully Integrated Portable Platform","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401756342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203710","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11356000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi15081059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/8/1059/pdf?version=1724331639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/8/1059/pdf?version=1724331639","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068386123","display_name":"Manish L. Bhaiyya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-3753","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-3753"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Manish Bhaiyya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4442-3753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055714883","display_name":"Prakash Rewatkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-0698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-0698"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prakash Rewatkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059680927","display_name":"Amit Purushottam Pimpalkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-6270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-6270"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Pimpalkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4281-6270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112976395","display_name":"Dravyansh Jain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101034","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/014ctt859","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101034","https://openalex.org/I74796645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dravyansh Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science & Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science & Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101034","https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062335301","display_name":"Sanjeet Kumar Srivastava","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-6614","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7101-6614"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101034","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Hyderabad Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/014ctt859","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101034","https://openalex.org/I74796645"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74796645","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani","ror":"https://ror.org/001p3jz28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeet Kumar Srivastava","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology & Science Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101034","https://openalex.org/I74796645"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042978188","display_name":"Jitendra B. Zalke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-3508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-3508"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jitendra Zalke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-3508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005412225","display_name":"Jayu P. Kalambe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7721-1840","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7721-1840"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayu Kalambe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electronics Engineering, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074711980","display_name":"Suresh S. Balpande","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-5724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-5724"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suresh Balpande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology and Security, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4514-5724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology and Security, Ramdeobaba University, Nagpur 440013, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073447695","display_name":"Pawan D. Kale","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawan Kale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fractal Analytics Private Limited, Pune 411045, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fractal Analytics Private Limited, Pune 411045, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106639567","display_name":"Yogesh Kalantri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yogesh Kalantri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Citco Shared Services Private Limited, Mumbai 400072, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Citco Shared Services Private Limited, Mumbai 400072, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052550436","display_name":"Madhusudan B. Kulkarni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-3784","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-3784"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Madhusudan B. Kulkarni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-3784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052550436","https://openalex.org/A5068386123"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":2.7871,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91598884,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"1059","last_page":"1059"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.7919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10212","display_name":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","score":0.7919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11393","display_name":"Biosensors and Analytical Detection","score":0.17440000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrochemiluminescence-biosensor","display_name":"electrochemiluminescence biosensor","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-sensing","display_name":"smartphone sensing","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate-detection","display_name":"lactate detection","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning-image-analysis","display_name":"deep learning image analysis","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paper-electronics","display_name":"paper-based electronics","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screen-printing","display_name":"screen printing","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wax-printing","display_name":"wax printing","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buck-boost-converter","display_name":"buck-boost converter","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-sensor-fabrication","display_name":"low-cost sensor fabrication","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-application","display_name":"Android application","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38965407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q755961","display_name":"Electrochemiluminescence","level":3,"score":0.7198898792266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5613265633583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5305421948432922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4246181845664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.40722358226776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3757243752479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36040616035461426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119128265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900165","display_name":"Detection limit","level":2,"score":0.1493561863899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12130585312843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi15081059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/8/1059/pdf?version=1724331639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11356000","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11356000","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11356000/pdf/micromachines-15-01059.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39203710","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39203710","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:595fb70e7e85414d866ba39d4f40f6eb","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/595fb70e7e85414d866ba39d4f40f6eb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines, Vol 15, Iss 8, p 1059 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/mi15081059","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15081059","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/15/8/1059/pdf?version=1724331639","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96702057","display_name":"Micromachines","issn_l":"2072-666X","issn":["2072-666X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Micromachines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043000042438507,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401756342.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401756342.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1467455921","https://openalex.org/W2009152937","https://openalex.org/W2029377448","https://openalex.org/W2052693297","https://openalex.org/W2081073783","https://openalex.org/W2132891385","https://openalex.org/W2222959296","https://openalex.org/W2411038155","https://openalex.org/W2569880457","https://openalex.org/W2604490076","https://openalex.org/W2729075114","https://openalex.org/W2801083586","https://openalex.org/W2955081203","https://openalex.org/W3001580176","https://openalex.org/W3009021919","https://openalex.org/W3034005148","https://openalex.org/W3086764414","https://openalex.org/W3115930745","https://openalex.org/W3181004754","https://openalex.org/W3194206061","https://openalex.org/W3198440895","https://openalex.org/W3200146526","https://openalex.org/W4200014499","https://openalex.org/W4205899409","https://openalex.org/W4210461951","https://openalex.org/W4211087902","https://openalex.org/W4220839581","https://openalex.org/W4221016404","https://openalex.org/W4224096781","https://openalex.org/W4294956299","https://openalex.org/W4298009637","https://openalex.org/W4312210758","https://openalex.org/W4313396539","https://openalex.org/W4313478635","https://openalex.org/W4318071450","https://openalex.org/W4319925464","https://openalex.org/W4384916677","https://openalex.org/W4385660361","https://openalex.org/W4388666127","https://openalex.org/W4388796008","https://openalex.org/W4401612831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385660361","https://openalex.org/W2750395120","https://openalex.org/W4313332956","https://openalex.org/W7168120826","https://openalex.org/W4406270123","https://openalex.org/W4414794169","https://openalex.org/W3149801341","https://openalex.org/W4210461951","https://openalex.org/W4200014499","https://openalex.org/W4313396539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel,":[1],"portable":[2,45,54],"deep":[3,93,115,168,242],"learning-assisted":[4],"smartphone-based":[5],"electrochemiluminescence":[6],"(ECL)":[7],"cost-effective":[8],"(~10$)":[9],"sensing":[10],"platform":[11,55,82,232],"was":[12,56,146,179],"developed":[13,231],"and":[14,26,61,74,123,160,217,227,235,248],"used":[15,34],"for":[16,68,84,135],"selective":[17],"detection":[18,205],"of":[19,91,103,164,204,207],"lactate.":[20],"Low-cost,":[21],"fast":[22],"prototyping":[23],"screen":[24],"printing":[25,28],"wax":[27],"methods":[29],"with":[30,58,141,200,251],"paper-based":[31],"substrate":[32],"were":[33,118,221],"to":[35,97,109,173,197,223],"fabricate":[36],"miniaturized":[37],"single-pair":[38],"electrode":[39],"ECL":[40,105,121,126,129,187],"platforms.":[41],"The":[42,114,170,185],"lab-made":[43],"3D-printed":[44],"black":[46],"box":[47],"served":[48,96],"as":[49,244],"a":[50,59,62,92,142,176,190,245,252],"reaction":[51],"chamber.":[52],"This":[53,78,148],"integrated":[57],"smartphone":[60],"buck-boost":[63],"converter,":[64],"eliminating":[65],"the":[66,89,101,104,111,162,230],"need":[67],"expensive":[69],"CCD":[70],"cameras,":[71],"photomultiplier":[72],"tubes,":[73],"bulky":[75],"power":[76],"supplies.":[77],"advancement":[79],"makes":[80],"this":[81],"ideal":[83],"point-of-care":[85],"testing":[86],"applications.":[87],"Foremost,":[88],"integration":[90],"learning":[94,116,243],"approach":[95],"enhance":[98],"not":[99],"just":[100],"accuracy":[102],"sensors,":[106],"but":[107],"also":[108],"expedite":[110],"diagnostic":[112],"procedure.":[113],"models":[117],"trained":[119],"(3600":[120],"images)":[122,127],"tested":[124,180],"(900":[125],"using":[128],"images":[130],"obtained":[131],"from":[132],"experimentation.":[133],"Herein,":[134],"user":[136,144],"convenience,":[137],"an":[138,201],"Android":[139],"application":[140],"graphical":[143],"interface":[145],"developed.":[147],"app":[149],"performs":[150],"several":[151],"tasks,":[152],"which":[153],"include":[154],"capturing":[155],"real-time":[156],"images,":[157],"cropping":[158],"them,":[159],"predicting":[161],"concentration":[163],"required":[165],"bioanalytes":[166],"through":[167],"learning.":[169],"device's":[171],"capability":[172],"work":[174],"in":[175],"real":[177],"environment":[178],"by":[181,240],"performing":[182],"lactate":[183],"sensing.":[184],"fabricated":[186],"device":[188,225],"shows":[189],"good":[191],"liner":[192],"range":[193],"(from":[194],"50":[195],"\u00b5M":[196],"2000":[198],"\u00b5M)":[199],"acceptable":[202],"limit":[203],"value":[206],"5.14":[208],"\u00b5M.":[209],"Finally,":[210],"various":[211,238],"rigorous":[212],"analyses,":[213],"including":[214],"stability,":[215],"reproducibility,":[216],"unknown":[218],"sample":[219],"analysis,":[220],"conducted":[222],"check":[224],"durability":[226],"stability.":[228],"Therefore,":[229],"becomes":[233],"versatile":[234],"applicable":[236],"across":[237],"domains":[239],"harnessing":[241],"cutting-edge":[246],"technology":[247],"integrating":[249],"it":[250],"smartphone.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2024-08-23T00:00:00"}
