{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401724940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","title":"Association of Frenum Attachments with Age and Gender in a Sample of Iraqi People: A Cross-Sectional Study","display_name":"Association of Frenum Attachments with Age and Gender in a Sample of Iraqi People: A Cross-Sectional Study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401724940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233926","display_name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2789-3219","issn":["2789-3219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035395314","display_name":"Abdulkareem Hussain Alwan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6966-9488","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6966-9488"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277213931","display_name":"Alrafidain University College","ror":"https://ror.org/0204z0d18","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277213931"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulkareem Hussain Alwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Rafidain University  College, Baghdad 10052, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6966-9488","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Rafidain University  College, Baghdad 10052, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277213931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035395314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I277213931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3446,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48663049,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"168","last_page":"172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13813","display_name":"Oral and Craniofacial Lesions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13813","display_name":"Oral and Craniofacial Lesions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13768","display_name":"Oral and gingival health research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labial-frenum","display_name":"labial frenum","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gingival-attachment","display_name":"gingival attachment","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maxilla","display_name":"maxilla","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandible","display_name":"mandible","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraqi-population","display_name":"Iraqi population","score":0.699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7227345705032349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.6436069011688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122246415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350956","display_name":"Maxilla","level":2,"score":0.6190062761306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.429126113653183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.37441980838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233926","display_name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2789-3219","issn":["2789-3219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.54133/ajms.v7i1.1169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233926","display_name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences","issn_l":"2789-3219","issn":["2789-3219"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81628354","https://openalex.org/W1972946205","https://openalex.org/W2027308355","https://openalex.org/W2168046377","https://openalex.org/W2404519322","https://openalex.org/W2807278633","https://openalex.org/W2958094948","https://openalex.org/W2984788299","https://openalex.org/W3013520684","https://openalex.org/W3017524665","https://openalex.org/W3028721419","https://openalex.org/W3049235653","https://openalex.org/W4214601966","https://openalex.org/W4286491161","https://openalex.org/W4308366889","https://openalex.org/W4323789927","https://openalex.org/W4390734042","https://openalex.org/W4394824920","https://openalex.org/W4399498036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411697462","https://openalex.org/W4403480941","https://openalex.org/W7006961338","https://openalex.org/W4390734042","https://openalex.org/W4251442591","https://openalex.org/W3013520684","https://openalex.org/W4391887748","https://openalex.org/W2101030977","https://openalex.org/W1976706553","https://openalex.org/W4387740345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"The":[1,63,103,131],"labial":[2,37,135,187,204],"frenum":[3,136,188,205,243],"is":[4,176,193],"a":[5,56,177,194,239],"thin":[6],"fold":[7],"of":[8,36,58,77,88,134],"oral":[9],"mucosa":[10,227],"that":[11],"contains":[12],"muscle":[13],"fibers.":[14],"It":[15],"connects":[16],"the":[17,20,25,33,41,59,85,124,128,200,210,212,220,226,230,234],"lips":[18],"to":[19,79,100],"tissues":[21],"and":[22,27,43,53,70,114,121,123,141,147,163,182,185,199,202,246],"bones":[23],"around":[24],"upper":[26,42,140,184,201],"lower":[28,44,142,186,203],"teeth.":[29],"Objective:":[30],"To":[31],"assess":[32],"various":[34],"types":[35],"frenal":[38],"attachments":[39,153,157,161,167],"in":[40,55,94,169,229],"jaws,":[45],"as":[46,48],"well":[47],"their":[49],"relationship":[50,241],"with":[51,73],"age":[52,75,108,181],"gender,":[54],"sample":[57],"Iraqi":[60],"population.":[61],"Methods:":[62],"study":[64],"includes":[65],"1,939":[66],"subjects":[67],"(978":[68],"males":[69,146],"961":[71],"females)":[72],"an":[74],"range":[76],"10":[78],"70":[80],"years.":[81,116],"These":[82],"individuals":[83],"visited":[84],"Periodontics":[86],"Department":[87],"Dentistry":[89],"at":[90],"Al-Rafidain":[91],"University":[92],"College":[93],"Baghdad,":[95],"Iraq,":[96],"from":[97],"October":[98],"2021":[99],"April":[101],"2023.":[102],"patients":[104],"were":[105],"categorized":[106],"into":[107],"subgroups:":[109],"10\u201330":[110],"years,":[111,113],"31\u201350":[112],"51\u201370":[115],"Descriptive":[117],"statistics":[118],"estimate":[119],"frequencies":[120],"percentages,":[122],"Chi-square":[125],"test":[126],"compares":[127],"results.":[129],"Results:":[130],"total":[132],"number":[133],"attachments,":[137,143],"encompassing":[138],"both":[139,170,173],"varies":[144],"between":[145,180,197,242],"females.":[148],"There":[149,237],"are":[150],"1397":[151],"gingival":[152,213],"(36.02%),":[154],"1793":[155],"mucosal":[156,221],"(46.24%),":[158],"567":[159],"papillary":[160,165],"(14.62%),":[162],"121":[164],"penetrating":[166],"(3.12%)":[168],"sexes.":[171],"In":[172,209],"sexes,":[174],"there":[175,192],"significant":[178,195,240],"correlation":[179,196],"different":[183],"attachment":[189,206,214,228],"categories.":[190,207],"Additionally,":[191],"gender":[198],"Conclusions:":[208],"maxilla,":[211],"was":[215,238],"more":[216],"prevalent,":[217],"followed":[218,232],"by":[219,233],"attachment.":[222,236],"However,":[223],"we":[224],"detect":[225],"mandible,":[231],"gingiva":[235],"attachment,":[244],"age,":[245],"gender.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-05T09:50:58.205359","created_date":"2024-08-22T00:00:00"}
