{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401588252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","title":"ToolCAP: Novel Tools to Improve the Management of Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia \u2013 a Preliminary Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial","display_name":"ToolCAP: Novel Tools to Improve the Management of Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia \u2013 a Preliminary Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401588252","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/e1e93ac5cdca47f8b5eb0fd89ffb6f0d/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/e1e93ac5cdca47f8b5eb0fd89ffb6f0d/download_pub","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078468690","display_name":"Jacques du Toit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-0168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0003-0168"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacques Du Toit","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038630518","display_name":"Megan Palmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-2483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-2483"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802694459","display_name":"Tygerberg Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01hs8x754","country_code":"ZA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307091933","https://openalex.org/I2802694459"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan Palmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Desmond Tutu TB Centre , Department of Paediatrics & Child Health , Tygerberg Hospital , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre , Department of Paediatrics & Child Health , Tygerberg Hospital , Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences , Stellenbosch University , Tygerberg , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322","https://openalex.org/I2802694459"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045736801","display_name":"Karim Premji Manji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-6408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7069-6408"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154840374","display_name":"Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/027pr6c67","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Manji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatrics , Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatrics , Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences , Dar es Salaam , Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154840374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062689295","display_name":"Papa Moctar Faye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-0597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1493-0597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96840727","display_name":"Cheikh Anta Diop University","ror":"https://ror.org/04je6yw13","country_code":"SN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}],"countries":["SN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Papa Moctar Faye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre Hospitalier National D'Enfants Albert Royer , SN , Av. Cheikh Anta Diop , Dakar , Senegal","Departement Medicine et Sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s M\u00e9dicales , Facult\u00e9 de Medecine , Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop , Dakar , S\u00e9n\u00e9gal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre Hospitalier National D'Enfants Albert Royer , SN , Av. Cheikh Anta Diop , Dakar , Senegal","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departement Medicine et Sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9s M\u00e9dicales , Facult\u00e9 de Medecine , Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop , Dakar , S\u00e9n\u00e9gal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96840727"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014836003","display_name":"Stephen M. Tollman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-7588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-7588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107858","display_name":"Agincourt Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System","ror":"https://ror.org/01vga2998","country_code":"ZA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145","https://openalex.org/I4210107858"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90344618","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Tollman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council / Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council / Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt) ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107858","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077476892","display_name":"Moniek Bresser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-7910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-7910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moniek Bresser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Silvia Cicconi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Cicconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089532923","display_name":"Tracy R. Glass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-9803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-9803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tracy Glass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027364593","display_name":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Langet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-2397","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6758-2397"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helene Langet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086419390","display_name":"Klaus Reither","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-8237","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6195-8237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158937107","display_name":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03adhka07","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Reither","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute , Allschwil , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158937107"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106494968","display_name":"Evelyn Tshehla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evelyn Tshehla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health , Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health , Faculty of Health Sciences , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042491172","display_name":"Kristina Keitel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-3843","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9663-3843"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristina Keitel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078468690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9071999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11738","display_name":"Ultrasound in Clinical Applications","score":0.08730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10897","display_name":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","score":0.002099999925121665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-pneumonia","display_name":"pediatric pneumonia","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-acquired-pneumonia","display_name":"community-acquired pneumonia","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-ultrasound","display_name":"lung ultrasound","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-of-care-diagnosis","display_name":"point-of-care diagnosis","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-stewardship","display_name":"antibiotic stewardship","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overuse-of-antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotic overuse","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-resistance","display_name":"antimicrobial resistance","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-management-of-childhood-illness","display_name":"Integrated Management of Childhood Illness","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-failure","display_name":"clinical failure","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-limited-settings","display_name":"resource-limited settings","score":0.7960000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6836880445480347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776102371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460030","display_name":"Community-acquired pneumonia","level":3,"score":0.5824726819992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5342651009559631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.5262736082077026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4235800504684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3706526756286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.1820315718650818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.1489471197128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09006041288375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07436832785606384}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/e1e93ac5cdca47f8b5eb0fd89ffb6f0d/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.20944/preprints202407.2455.v1","pdf_url":"https://www.preprints.org/frontend/manuscript/e1e93ac5cdca47f8b5eb0fd89ffb6f0d/download_pub","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/study-protocol","display_name":"Study Protocol"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338462","display_name":"European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership","ror":"https://ror.org/031jv9v19"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401588252.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401588252.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202091992","https://openalex.org/W2906132330","https://openalex.org/W2966772852","https://openalex.org/W4391230366","https://openalex.org/W4401127937","https://openalex.org/W3033163205","https://openalex.org/W3091880220","https://openalex.org/W3139424149","https://openalex.org/W4394012083","https://openalex.org/W7220706078"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Lower":[1],"respiratory":[2],"tract":[3],"infections":[4],"(LRTIs),":[5],"particularly":[6],"pneumonia,":[7,89],"are":[8,207],"a":[9,72,165,189,194,236],"leading":[10],"cause":[11],"of":[12,30,42,55,64,108,167,204,216,222,233,240,286,295],"morbidity":[13],"and":[14,57,79,87,156,172,220,256,268,282,293,352],"mortality":[15],"among":[16],"children":[17,138],"worldwide,":[18],"especially":[19,333],"in":[20,76,83,153,164,210,298,334],"low-resource":[21,299],"settings.":[22,300],"The":[23,201,318,353],"World":[24],"Health":[25],"Organization":[26],"(WHO)":[27],"Integrated":[28],"Management":[29],"Childhood":[31],"Illness":[32],"(IMCI)":[33],"guidelines":[34],"currently":[35],"recommend":[36],"antibiotic":[37,94,119,122,186,211,313],"treatment":[38],"for":[39,320],"all":[40],"case":[41],"with":[43,146,336],"pneumonia":[44,110,297,331],"based":[45],"on":[46,213,279,350],"clinical":[47,109,223,231,281,327],"signs":[48],"along,":[49],"which":[50],"can":[51],"lead":[52],"to":[53,59,99,142,177,276,289,322,339,362],"over-prescription":[54],"antibiotics":[56],"contribute":[58,308],"antimicrobial":[60],"resistance":[61],"(AMR).":[62],"Point":[63],"care":[65],"Lung":[66],"Ultrasound":[67],"(LUS)":[68],"has":[69,80],"emerged":[70],"as":[71,235],"promising":[73],"diagnostic":[74,341],"tool":[75],"this":[77,205,302],"context":[78],"demonstrated":[81],"potential":[82,319],"distinguishing":[84],"between":[85],"bacterial":[86],"viral":[88],"thus":[90],"enabling":[91],"more":[92],"targeted":[93],"use.":[95],"This":[96,273,345],"study":[97,206,274],"aims":[98],"explore":[100],"whether":[101],"integrating":[102],"LUS":[103,183,288,321],"into":[104,325],"the":[105,208,214,280,291],"IMCI-based":[106,199],"management":[107,294],"will":[111,135,150,160,184,244,259,347],"better":[112],"identify":[113],"those":[114],"who":[115],"would":[116],"benefit":[117],"from":[118],"treatment,":[120],"reducing":[121,311],"overuse":[123],"without":[124],"compromising":[125],"health":[126,284],"outcomes.":[127],"Methods":[128],"An":[129],"open":[130],"label":[131],"randomized":[132],"controlled":[133],"trial":[134,346],"enrol":[136],"3500":[137],"aged":[139],"60":[140],"days":[141],"12":[143],"years":[144],"presenting":[145],"IMCI-defined":[147],"pneumonia.":[148],"Participants":[149,159],"be":[151,161,260,323,348],"enrolled":[152],"Senegal,":[154],"Tanzania,":[155],"South":[157,354],"Africa.":[158],"randomly":[162],"assigned":[163],"ratio":[166],"1:1,":[168],"stratified":[169],"by":[170,225],"site":[171],"age":[173],"group":[174,196],"(<5years,":[175],"5-12years)":[176],"either":[178],"an":[179,229],"intervention":[180,303],"group,":[181],"where":[182],"guide":[185],"prescriptions":[187],"utilising":[188],"predefined":[190],"interpretation":[191],"framework,":[192],"or":[193],"control":[195],"receiving":[197],"routine":[198,326],"care.":[200],"co-primary":[202],"outcomes":[203,243],"reduction":[209],"use":[212],"day":[215],"enrolment":[217],"(Day":[218,264],"1)":[219],"rate":[221],"failure":[224],"Day":[226,266,269],"8,":[227,267],"using":[228,287],"acceptable":[230],"difference":[232],"1.5x":[234],"non-inferiority":[237],"margin":[238],"(delta":[239],"2.5%).":[241],"Secondary":[242],"include":[245],"adverse":[246],"drug":[247],"reactions,":[248],"cure":[249],"rates,":[250],"hospital":[251],"admissions":[252],"including":[253],"in-patient":[254],"duration,":[255],"cost-effectiveness.":[257],"Data":[258],"collected":[261],"at":[262],"baseline":[263],"1),":[265],"29":[270],"post-enrolment.":[271],"Discussion":[272],"seeks":[275],"provide":[277],"evidence":[278],"public":[283],"benefits":[285],"improve":[290],"diagnosis":[292],"paediatric":[296],"If":[301],"proves":[304],"effective":[305],"it":[306],"could":[307,329],"significantly":[309],"toward":[310],"unnecessary":[312],"prescriptions,":[314],"thereby":[315],"addressing":[316],"AMR.":[317],"integrated":[324],"practice":[328],"revolutionize":[330],"management,":[332],"areas":[335],"limited":[337],"access":[338],"advanced":[340],"tools.":[342],"Trial":[343],"Registration":[344],"registered":[349],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[351],"African":[355],"National":[356],"Clinical":[357],"Trials":[358],"Register":[359],"(SANCTR)":[360],"prior":[361],"participant":[363],"enrolment.":[364]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-11T09:32:39.932853","created_date":"2024-08-15T00:00:00"}
