{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401550593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","title":"UNDERSTANDING THE SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND PREDICTIVE VALUES USED IN DIAGNOSTIC TESTS","display_name":"UNDERSTANDING THE SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, AND PREDICTIVE VALUES USED IN DIAGNOSTIC TESTS","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401550593","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","pdf_url":"https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ajpcr/article/download/51243/30616","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764968390","display_name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","issn_l":"0974-2441","issn":["0974-2441","2455-3891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697801","host_organization_name":"Innovare Academic Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697801"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Innovare Academic Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ajpcr/article/download/51243/30616","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106464124","display_name":"UMA SANKAR AKULA","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"UMA SANKAR AKULA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Trinity Medical Sciences University, RathoMill, Saint Vincent, West Indies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Trinity Medical Sciences University, RathoMill, Saint Vincent, West Indies","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113332728","display_name":"KASI MARIMUTHU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126601174","display_name":"Tezpur University","ror":"https://ror.org/005x56091","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126601174"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KASI MARIMUTHU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126601174"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006583336","display_name":"Nagadharshan Devendra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6790-4650","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6790-4650"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"NAGADHARSHAN DEVENDRA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry, Trinity Medical Sciences University, RathoMill, Saint Vincent, West Indies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry, Trinity Medical Sciences University, RathoMill, Saint Vincent, West Indies","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2455,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41911631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"5","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13797","display_name":"Probabilistic Statistics in Medicine","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"diagnostic accuracy","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"sensitivity","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specificity","display_name":"specificity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-predictive-value","display_name":"positive predictive value","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-predictive-value","display_name":"negative predictive value","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-performance","display_name":"diagnostic performance","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive","display_name":"false positive","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-outcomes","display_name":"binary outcomes","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretation-of-probability","display_name":"probability interpretation","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-test","display_name":"screening test","score":0.7940000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6855690479278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019719930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3910099","display_name":"Predictive value","level":2,"score":0.45838186144828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23956072330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16923686861991882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08400017023086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","pdf_url":"https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ajpcr/article/download/51243/30616","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764968390","display_name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","issn_l":"0974-2441","issn":["0974-2441","2455-3891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697801","host_organization_name":"Innovare Academic Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697801"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Innovare Academic Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2024v17i8.51243","pdf_url":"https://journals.innovareacademics.in/index.php/ajpcr/article/download/51243/30616","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764968390","display_name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","issn_l":"0974-2441","issn":["0974-2441","2455-3891"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322697801","host_organization_name":"Innovare Academic Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322697801"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Innovare Academic Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401550593.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401550593.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987713777","https://openalex.org/W2988563506","https://openalex.org/W2989752033","https://openalex.org/W2989752548","https://openalex.org/W2990720513","https://openalex.org/W2990771615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002832606","https://openalex.org/W2075588526","https://openalex.org/W2510636415","https://openalex.org/W991764898","https://openalex.org/W4361974371","https://openalex.org/W4401792260","https://openalex.org/W2329637207","https://openalex.org/W7165121823","https://openalex.org/W2411290199","https://openalex.org/W1972636406"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Numerous":[0],"diagnostics":[1],"and":[2,16,23,33,47,62,65,101,105,120,129,148,152,156],"screening":[3,10,24],"tests":[4,46,58],"have":[5,90,133],"been":[6,91],"routinely":[7],"used":[8,159],"for":[9],"diseased":[11],"or":[12],"infected":[13],"from":[14,44,83],"healthy":[15],"normal":[17],"individuals.":[18],"Clinicians":[19],"rely":[20],"on":[21,30],"diagnostic":[22,40,84,161],"test":[25,41,85],"results":[26],"to":[27,154],"make":[28],"decisions":[29],"the":[31,35,39,50,57,72,76,137,146,149],"diagnosis":[32],"initiate":[34],"treatment":[36],"procedure.":[37],"However,":[38],"outcomes":[42,81],"vary":[43],"different":[45],"not":[48],"always":[49],"outcome":[51],"is":[52],"100":[53],"percent":[54],"accurate.":[55],"Hence":[56],"showing":[59],"more":[60],"accuracy":[61],"high":[63,69],"sensitivity":[64],"specificity":[66],"are":[67,94,106,123],"given":[68],"priority":[70],"by":[71],"clinicians.":[73],"To":[74],"evaluate":[75],"performance":[77],"of":[78],"dichotomous":[79],"binary":[80],"obtained":[82],"results,":[86],"several":[87],"statistical":[88,150],"measures":[89,151],"used.":[92],"They":[93],"accuracy,":[95],"sensitivity,":[96],"specificity,":[97],"positive":[98],"predictive":[99,103],"value,":[100],"negative":[102,122],"value":[104],"intimately":[107],"connected":[108],"with":[109],"probability":[110],"calculations.":[111],"Very":[112],"often":[113],"interpreting":[114],"concepts":[115],"such":[116],"as":[117],"false":[118],"positive,":[119],"true":[121],"quite":[124],"intuitive,":[125],"but":[126],"many":[127],"students":[128],"even":[130],"health":[131],"professionals":[132],"difficulties":[134],"in":[135,160],"assessing":[136],"associated":[138],"probabilities.":[139],"In":[140],"this":[141],"article,":[142],"we":[143],"will":[144],"explain":[145],"terms":[147],"how":[153],"relate":[155],"interpret":[157],"them":[158],"tests.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2024-08-14T00:00:00"}