{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401544356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","title":"Incoherence: A Generalized Measure of Complexity to Quantify Ensemble Divergence in Multi-Trial Experiments and Simulations","display_name":"Incoherence: A Generalized Measure of Complexity to Quantify Ensemble Divergence in Multi-Trial Experiments and Simulations","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401544356","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39202153","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11353534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26080683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059208614","display_name":"Timothy Davey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-7402","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-7402"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405257746","display_name":"The London Interdisciplinary School","ror":"https://ror.org/05maz1p71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405257746"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timothy Davey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Department, London Interdisciplinary School, London E1 1EW, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1082-7402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department, London Interdisciplinary School, London E1 1EW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257746"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059208614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405257746"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"8","first_page":"683","last_page":"683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.4867999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14299","display_name":"Complex Systems and Dynamics","score":0.4867999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12261","display_name":"Statistical Mechanics and Entropy","score":0.36649999022483826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.09130000323057175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incoherence","display_name":"incoherence","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jensen-shannon-divergence","display_name":"Jensen-Shannon divergence","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aleatoric-uncertainty","display_name":"aleatoric uncertainty","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-systems","display_name":"complex systems","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-to-initial-conditions","display_name":"sensitivity to initial conditions","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criticality","display_name":"criticality","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation-response","display_name":"perturbation response","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"simulation","score":0.30799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.7332842350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.712639331817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6006296873092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5349923968315125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125611927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008131","display_name":"Criticality","level":2,"score":0.5091506838798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4863767921924591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.4841206967830658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4670037031173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.45565178990364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3874083161354065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.38581210374832153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38048669695854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37708693742752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32443249225616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19338929653167725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07864326238632202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26080683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11353534","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11353534","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11353534/pdf/entropy-26-00683.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39202153","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39202153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67d70808b71346ba80512c632df90ac0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67d70808b71346ba80512c632df90ac0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Entropy, Vol 26, Iss 8, p 683 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/e26080683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/e26080683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S195231649","display_name":"Entropy","issn_l":"1099-4300","issn":["1099-4300"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Entropy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401544356.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401544356.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162838714","https://openalex.org/W1555585673","https://openalex.org/W1659352704","https://openalex.org/W1787929695","https://openalex.org/W1987366316","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2018772114","https://openalex.org/W2031970520","https://openalex.org/W2037705434","https://openalex.org/W2105062738","https://openalex.org/W2109708078","https://openalex.org/W2125101937","https://openalex.org/W2126239362","https://openalex.org/W2143902672","https://openalex.org/W2146950091","https://openalex.org/W2163236190","https://openalex.org/W2170210105","https://openalex.org/W2171859864","https://openalex.org/W2177218873","https://openalex.org/W2247226361","https://openalex.org/W2511613234","https://openalex.org/W2605970483","https://openalex.org/W2792922741","https://openalex.org/W2962783375","https://openalex.org/W2970281030","https://openalex.org/W2975050756","https://openalex.org/W2989932743","https://openalex.org/W3014596384","https://openalex.org/W3048274481","https://openalex.org/W3095730670","https://openalex.org/W3101426737","https://openalex.org/W3126048696","https://openalex.org/W3172528575","https://openalex.org/W4239595007","https://openalex.org/W4248636106","https://openalex.org/W4255142739","https://openalex.org/W4306386204","https://openalex.org/W4323253219","https://openalex.org/W4389206886","https://openalex.org/W4400222288","https://openalex.org/W4400522537","https://openalex.org/W6606650942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385984082","https://openalex.org/W2255613752","https://openalex.org/W7207735054","https://openalex.org/W7211883690","https://openalex.org/W4396854051","https://openalex.org/W7206150684","https://openalex.org/W2975050756","https://openalex.org/W2521506631","https://openalex.org/W2895998520","https://openalex.org/W1493147125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complex":[0],"systems":[1],"pose":[2],"significant":[3],"challenges":[4],"to":[5,12,18,72,89,98,104],"traditional":[6],"scientific":[7],"and":[8,16,24,79,102],"statistical":[9,74],"methods":[10],"due":[11],"their":[13],"inherent":[14],"unpredictability":[15],"resistance":[17],"simplification.":[19],"Accurately":[20],"detecting":[21],"complex":[22,94],"behavior":[23],"the":[25,35,61,65],"uncertainty":[26,63],"which":[27],"comes":[28],"with":[29],"it":[30],"is":[31],"therefore":[32],"essential.":[33],"Using":[34],"context":[36],"of":[37,57,64,93],"previous":[38],"studies,":[39],"we":[40,59,68],"introduce":[41],"a":[42],"new":[43],"information-theoretic":[44],"measure,":[45],"termed":[46],"\"incoherence\".":[47],"By":[48],"using":[49,76],"an":[50,55],"adapted":[51],"Jensen-Shannon":[52],"Divergence":[53],"across":[54],"ensemble":[56],"outcomes,":[58],"quantify":[60],"aleatoric":[62],"system.":[66],"First":[67],"compared":[69],"this":[70],"measure":[71],"established":[73],"tests":[75],"both":[77],"continuous":[78],"discrete":[80],"data.":[81],"Before":[82],"demonstrating":[83],"how":[84],"incoherence":[85],"can":[86],"be":[87],"applied":[88],"identify":[90],"key":[91],"characteristics":[92],"systems,":[95],"including":[96],"sensitivity":[97],"initial":[99],"conditions,":[100],"criticality,":[101],"response":[103],"perturbations.":[105]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-08-14T00:00:00"}