{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401445285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","title":"The Influence of External and Internal Learning Factors on English Speaking Skills for Adult English Learners","display_name":"The Influence of External and Internal Learning Factors on English Speaking Skills for Adult English Learners","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401445285","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402380","display_name":"Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction","issn_l":"1598-2106","issn":["1598-2106","2671-776X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800620","host_organization_name":"Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100727860","display_name":"Yeji Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-9862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-9862"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yeji Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740100","display_name":"Ayoung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-2408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9829-2408"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayoung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054035754","display_name":"Dongsun Yim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-9504"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsun Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106369029","display_name":"Hyunho Noh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunho Noh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106369030","display_name":"Daho Jung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daho Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111285387","display_name":"Jeebin Yim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeebin Yim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113361524","display_name":"Sungpah Lee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungpah Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061545561","display_name":"Haechan Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haechan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16705299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"14","first_page":"773","last_page":"786"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-speaking-skills","display_name":"English speaking skills","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-english-learners","display_name":"adult English learners","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motivation","display_name":"motivation","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-traits","display_name":"personality traits","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroticism","display_name":"neuroticism","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraversion","display_name":"extraversion","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agreeableness","display_name":"agreeableness","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conscientiousness","display_name":"conscientiousness","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"openness to experience","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/length-of-residence","display_name":"length of residence","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluency","display_name":"fluency","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pronunciation","display_name":"pronunciation","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accuracy","display_name":"accuracy","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity","display_name":"complexity","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filler-words","display_name":"filler words","score":0.9039999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.624040961265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4546452462673187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.32711872458457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3204764723777771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.04880419373512268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2024.24.14.773","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764402380","display_name":"Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction","issn_l":"1598-2106","issn":["1598-2106","2671-776X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800620","host_organization_name":"Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042616757","https://openalex.org/W3024254126","https://openalex.org/W3187288226","https://openalex.org/W4320165376","https://openalex.org/W7128974171","https://openalex.org/W7047713442","https://openalex.org/W7217009628","https://openalex.org/W4401905017","https://openalex.org/W2993409816","https://openalex.org/W2931752445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives":[0],"The":[1],"purposes":[2],"of":[3,28,63,70,78,117,129,157],"this":[4,24],"study":[5],"were":[6,59,82,98,111],"to":[7,11,16,53,80],"specify":[8],"variables":[9],"related":[10,52],"English":[12,39,54,56,81,96,121,150,161,170,188,194,202,209],"speaking":[13,40,57,122,189,203,210],"skills,":[14],"and":[15,42,49,67,76,95,107,143,155,163,169,181],"invesitgate":[17],"the":[18,130,197],"relationships":[19],"among":[20],"them.":[21],"Methods":[22],"For":[23],"purpose,":[25],"a":[26,32,115,218],"total":[27],"130":[29],"adults":[30],"completed":[31],"machine":[33],"learning-based":[34],"online":[35,44],"test":[36],"for":[37,46,125],"measuring":[38,47],"skills":[41,58,123,211],"responded":[43],"questionnaire":[45],"external":[48,85,142,180],"internal":[50,101,144,182],"factors":[51,131,183],"learning.":[55],"analyzed":[60],"in":[61,72,132],"terms":[62],"complexity,":[64,153],"accuracy,":[65,160],"fluency,":[66,133,168],"pronunciation.":[68,173],"Length":[69],"residence":[71,158],"an":[73],"English-speaking":[74],"country":[75],"frequency":[77],"exposure":[79],"regarded":[83],"as":[84,100],"factors,":[86,193],"while":[87],"personality":[88],"traits(neuroticism,":[89],"extraversion,":[90],"openness,":[91],"agreeableness,":[92,164],"conscientiousness),":[93],"motivation,":[94],"confidence":[97,151,162,171,195],"selected":[99],"factors.":[102,145],"Then,":[103],"Pearson":[104],"correlation":[105,118],"analysis":[106,110,147],"stepwise":[108],"regression":[109],"conducted.":[112],"Results":[113],"As":[114],"result":[116],"analysis,":[119],"all":[120],"except":[124],"filler":[126],"words,":[127],"one":[128],"showed":[134],"significant":[135,185],"positive":[136],"or":[137,165],"negative":[138],"correlations":[139],"with":[140],"most":[141,198],"Regression":[146],"revealed":[148],"that":[149,178,208,220],"predicted":[152,159,167,172],"extroversion":[154],"length":[156],"motivation":[166],"Conclusions":[174],"These":[175],"results":[176],"suggest":[177],"both":[179],"have":[184],"impact":[186],"on":[187],"skills.":[190,204],"Among":[191],"those":[192],"is":[196],"powerful":[199],"factor":[200],"explaining":[201],"Thus,":[205],"it":[206],"appears":[207],"can":[212],"be":[213],"improved":[214],"more":[215],"efficiently":[216],"through":[217],"activities":[219],"promote":[221],"english":[222],"confidence.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2024-08-10T00:00:00"}