{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401435751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","title":"RETRACTED: Face detection based on K-medoids clustering and associated with convolutional neural networks","display_name":"RETRACTED: Face detection based on K-medoids clustering and associated with convolutional neural networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401435751","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39224357","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11367051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109742106","display_name":"Potharla Ramadevi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8998-8542","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8998-8542"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Potharla Ramadevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000864309","display_name":"Raja Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-5969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-5969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Raja Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9945-5969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000864309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"],"apc_list":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"apc_paid":{"value":2100,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2100},"fwci":0.9596,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71903888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"16","first_page":"e35928","last_page":"e35928"},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-mask-detection","display_name":"face mask detection","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"face detection","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-medoids-clustering","display_name":"K-medoids clustering","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-k-means","display_name":"fuzzy k-means","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-means-clustering","display_name":"K-means clustering","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"image segmentation","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-trained-convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"pre-trained convolutional neural networks","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/densenet-201","display_name":"DenseNet201","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vgg16","display_name":"VGG16","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vgg19","display_name":"VGG19","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"support vector machine","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retracted-article","display_name":"retracted article","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.714936375617981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.710343062877655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6925657987594604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6767154932022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5850669145584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5268983840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5183852314949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5095598697662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63085389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4287912","display_name":"Medoid","level":3,"score":0.5086565613746643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4943866729736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4652714431285858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.45788824558258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4498167335987091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4308934807777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3648029863834381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3378722667694092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08582368493080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11367051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11367051","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11367051/pdf/main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39224357","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39224357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:caa08674b084481192fa439065a876b0","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/caa08674b084481192fa439065a876b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 16, Pp e35928- (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35928","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2898612692","display_name":"Heliyon","issn_l":"2405-8440","issn":["2405-8440"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Heliyon","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401435751.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401435751.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W208128215","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1704135502","https://openalex.org/W1967702193","https://openalex.org/W2000434303","https://openalex.org/W2017504074","https://openalex.org/W2040810017","https://openalex.org/W2082045173","https://openalex.org/W2108069432","https://openalex.org/W2140190241","https://openalex.org/W2160532515","https://openalex.org/W2167428023","https://openalex.org/W2272031392","https://openalex.org/W2500355674","https://openalex.org/W2558571044","https://openalex.org/W2584335650","https://openalex.org/W2782434976","https://openalex.org/W2807551730","https://openalex.org/W2885976210","https://openalex.org/W2981486738","https://openalex.org/W2984802304","https://openalex.org/W2996746405","https://openalex.org/W3010785824","https://openalex.org/W3014271510","https://openalex.org/W3027978271","https://openalex.org/W3048297990","https://openalex.org/W3085394167","https://openalex.org/W3126371256","https://openalex.org/W3130089959","https://openalex.org/W3163002290","https://openalex.org/W3214474602","https://openalex.org/W4205697628","https://openalex.org/W4220840109","https://openalex.org/W4221125490","https://openalex.org/W4223573213","https://openalex.org/W4230737036","https://openalex.org/W4289522056","https://openalex.org/W4306938362","https://openalex.org/W4313492663","https://openalex.org/W4319295009","https://openalex.org/W4324364131","https://openalex.org/W4372350605","https://openalex.org/W4375866596","https://openalex.org/W4378550181","https://openalex.org/W4379468794","https://openalex.org/W4384694573","https://openalex.org/W4385501930","https://openalex.org/W4385694499","https://openalex.org/W4387824693","https://openalex.org/W4388346885","https://openalex.org/W4393441442","https://openalex.org/W4399208413","https://openalex.org/W4400275414","https://openalex.org/W6769746407","https://openalex.org/W6804009988","https://openalex.org/W6857628545","https://openalex.org/W6863347961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411027133","https://openalex.org/W4400652525","https://openalex.org/W4408071764","https://openalex.org/W7000358167","https://openalex.org/W4287583656","https://openalex.org/W4225307005","https://openalex.org/W4392502693","https://openalex.org/W4304208182","https://openalex.org/W4224230997","https://openalex.org/W4379875238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,5,11,18,34,100,110,122,148,152,156,185,194,203,218,224,230,242],"last":[2],"several":[3],"years,":[4],"COVID-19":[6,101],"epidemic":[7],"has":[8],"spread":[9,35],"over":[10],"globe.":[12],"People":[13],"have":[14],"become":[15],"used":[16],"to":[17,32,39,47,71,93,112,142,146],"novel":[19],"standard,":[20],"which":[21],"involves":[22],"working":[23],"from":[24,62],"home,":[25],"chatting":[26],"online,":[27],"and":[28,57,91,98,139,154,176,179],"keeping":[29],"oneself":[30],"clean,":[31],"stop":[33],"of":[36,121,151,187,193,220,226],"COVID-19.":[37],"Due":[38],"this,":[40],"many":[41],"public":[42,96],"spaces":[43],"make":[44,48],"an":[45],"effort":[46],"sure":[49],"that":[50,73,217],"their":[51,118],"visitors":[52],"wear":[53],"proper":[54],"face":[55,78,88,153,188,210,231,243],"masks":[56],"maintain":[58],"a":[59,77,83,246],"safe":[60],"distance":[61],"one":[63],"another.":[64],"It":[65],"is":[66,75,235],"impossible":[67],"for":[68,87,105,184,209],"monitoring":[69,92],"workers":[70],"ensure":[72],"everyone":[74],"wearing":[76],"mask;":[79],"automated":[80],"solutions":[81],"are":[82],"far":[84],"better":[85,149],"option":[86],"mask":[89,211,232,244],"identification":[90,225,233],"assist":[94],"control":[95],"conduct":[97],"reduce":[99,155],"epidemic.":[102],"The":[103,190],"motivation":[104],"developing":[106],"this":[107,161],"technology":[108],"was":[109],"need":[111],"identify":[113,241],"those":[114],"individuals":[115],"who":[116],"uncover":[117],"faces.":[119],"Most":[120],"previously":[123],"published":[124],"research":[125,214],"publications":[126],"focused":[127],"on":[128],"various":[129,164],"methodologies.":[130],"This":[131],"study":[132,162],"built":[133],"new":[134],"methods":[135],"namely":[136],"K-medoids,":[137],"K-means,":[138],"Fuzzy":[140],"K-Means(FKM)":[141],"use":[143],"image":[144],"pre-processing":[145],"get":[147],"quality":[150],"noise":[157],"data.":[158],"In":[159],"addition,":[160],"investigates":[163],"machine":[165],"learning":[166],"models":[167],"Convolutional":[168],"neural":[169],"networks":[170],"(CNN)":[171],"with":[172,198],"pre-trained":[173,199],"(DenseNet201,":[174],"VGG-16,":[175],"VGG-19)":[177],"models,":[178],"Support":[180],"Vector":[181],"Machine":[182],"(SVM)":[183],"detection":[186],"masks.":[189],"experimental":[191],"results":[192,208,215],"proposed":[195],"method":[196],"K-medoids":[197],"model":[200],"DenseNet201":[201],"achieved":[202],"97.7":[204],"%":[205],"accuracy":[206],"best":[207],"identification.":[212],"Our":[213],"indicate":[216],"segmentation":[219],"images":[221],"may":[222],"improve":[223],"accuracy.":[227],"More":[228],"importantly,":[229],"tool":[234],"more":[236],"beneficial":[237],"when":[238],"it":[239],"can":[240],"in":[245],"side-on":[247],"approach.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2024-08-09T00:00:00"}