{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401410239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","title":"AM-ESRGAN: Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Ancient Murals Based on Attention Mechanism and Multi-Level Residual Network","display_name":"AM-ESRGAN: Super-Resolution Reconstruction of Ancient Murals Based on Attention Mechanism and Multi-Level Residual Network","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401410239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics13163142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W4401410239"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100951897","display_name":"Ci Xiao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ci Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044316623","display_name":"Yajun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2494-1878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2494-1878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yajun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074190149","display_name":"Chaoyue Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4135-0711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4135-0711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoyue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109756912","display_name":"Longxiang You","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxiang You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033869703","display_name":"Rongzhen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-3982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-3982"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongzhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044316623"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2728},"fwci":1.1609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76512655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"16","first_page":"3142","last_page":"3142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-mechanism","display_name":"attention mechanism","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simam","display_name":"SimAM","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture-detail-recovery","display_name":"texture detail recovery","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.716726541519165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5238718390464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4682553708553314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3928239643573761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3604006767272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.1261814534664154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11679261922836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.04542979598045349}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics13163142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/electronics13163142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163142","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210202905","display_name":"Electronics","issn_l":"2079-9292","issn":["2079-9292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electronics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2359099468","https://openalex.org/W2538468826","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W3001992107","https://openalex.org/W3048631361","https://openalex.org/W3128176988","https://openalex.org/W3133531783","https://openalex.org/W3166716987","https://openalex.org/W3184716602","https://openalex.org/W3204971388","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4241881238","https://openalex.org/W4306174033","https://openalex.org/W4319878693","https://openalex.org/W4320481622","https://openalex.org/W4361270123","https://openalex.org/W4381598461","https://openalex.org/W4383495986","https://openalex.org/W4384830510","https://openalex.org/W4386083034","https://openalex.org/W4387007704","https://openalex.org/W4387843838","https://openalex.org/W4390872521","https://openalex.org/W4390872856","https://openalex.org/W4390872911","https://openalex.org/W4391023888","https://openalex.org/W4391092744","https://openalex.org/W4394566113","https://openalex.org/W4394785970","https://openalex.org/W4402727945","https://openalex.org/W4402916771"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361270123","https://openalex.org/W4394896366","https://openalex.org/W4410604751","https://openalex.org/W4405774962","https://openalex.org/W3117843745","https://openalex.org/W4229377309","https://openalex.org/W3189205129","https://openalex.org/W7208767645","https://openalex.org/W7171663465","https://openalex.org/W4386450859"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1,114],"the":[2,32,80,115,122,145,164,214,219,223,227],"issues":[3],"of":[4,11,31,117,126,151,218],"blurred":[5],"edges":[6],"and":[7,14,27,49,154,178,205,226,236],"contours,":[8],"insufficient":[9,118],"extraction":[10,85,120],"low-frequency":[12],"information,":[13],"unclear":[15],"texture":[16],"details":[17],"in":[18,121],"ancient":[19,39,229],"murals,":[20,33],"which":[21,94],"lead":[22],"to":[23,67,113,138,211],"decreased":[24],"ornamental":[25],"value":[26],"limited":[28],"research":[29],"significance":[30],"this":[34],"paper":[35],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,50,59,90,101,183,188],"novel":[38],"mural":[40,230],"super-resolution":[41,128],"reconstruction":[42],"method,":[43],"based":[44],"on":[45],"an":[46],"attention":[47],"mechanism":[48],"multi-level":[51],"residual":[52],"network,":[53],"termed":[54],"AM-ESRGAN.":[55],"This":[56],"network":[57],"builds":[58],"module":[60,86,134],"for":[61,74,106],"Multi-Scale":[62],"Dense":[63],"Feature":[64],"Fusion":[65],"(MDFF)":[66],"adaptively":[68],"fuse":[69],"features":[70],"at":[71,182],"different":[72],"levels":[73],"more":[75,233],"complete":[76],"structural":[77],"information":[78,142,153],"regarding":[79],"image.":[81],"The":[82,159],"deep":[83],"feature":[84,119,132,141],"is":[87,111,136],"improved":[88],"with":[89],"new":[91,131],"Sim-RRDB":[92],"module,":[93],"expands":[95],"capacity":[96],"without":[97,143],"increasing":[98],"complexity.":[99],"Additionally,":[100],"Simple":[102],"Parameter-Free":[103],"Attention":[104],"Module":[105],"Convolutional":[107],"Neural":[108],"Networks":[109],"(SimAM)":[110],"introduced":[112],"issue":[116],"nonlinear":[123],"mapping":[124],"process":[125],"image":[127,140,152],"reconstruction.":[129],"A":[130],"refinement":[133],"(DEABlock)":[135],"added":[137],"extract":[139],"changing":[144],"resolution,":[146],"thereby":[147],"avoiding":[148],"excessive":[149],"loss":[150],"ensuring":[155],"richer":[156],"generated":[157],"details.":[158],"experimental":[160],"results":[161],"indicate":[162],"that":[163],"proposed":[165],"method":[166],"improves":[167,193],"PSNR/dB":[168,192],"by":[169,173,176,180,194,199,203,208],"3.4738":[170],"dB,":[171,196],"SSIM":[172,197],"0.2060,":[174],"MSE":[175,201],"123.8436,":[177],"NIQE":[179,206],"0.1651":[181],"\u00d74":[184],"scale":[185,190],"factor.":[186],"At":[187],"\u00d72":[189],"factor,":[191],"4.0280":[195],"increases":[198],"3.38%,":[200],"decreases":[202],"62.2746,":[204],"reduces":[207],"0.1242.":[209],"Compared":[210],"mainstream":[212],"models,":[213],"objective":[215],"evaluation":[216],"metrics":[217],"reconstructed":[220,228],"images":[221,231],"achieve":[222],"best":[224],"results,":[225],"exhibit":[232],"detailed":[234],"textures":[235],"clearer":[237],"edges.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-08-09T00:00:00"}