{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401243167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","title":"TREATMENT OF NOCARDIA CHORIORETINITIS\u2013RELATED CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION WITH AFLIBERCEPT: A CASE OF UNVEILED IMMUNOCOMPROMISE WITH ANTI-GM-CSF ANTIBODIES","display_name":"TREATMENT OF NOCARDIA CHORIORETINITIS\u2013RELATED CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION WITH AFLIBERCEPT: A CASE OF UNVEILED IMMUNOCOMPROMISE WITH ANTI-GM-CSF ANTIBODIES","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401243167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39094111"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15540642","display_name":"Retinal Cases & Brief Reports","issn_l":"1935-1089","issn":["1935-1089","1937-1578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RETINAL Cases &amp; Brief Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051919832","display_name":"Edward Korot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-1564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-1564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163296","display_name":"Retina Specialists of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/051gnwf77","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163296"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Korot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Byers Eye Institute Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California;","Retina Specialists of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan","Byers Eye Institute Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto, CA","Palo Alto, CA","Retina Specialists of Michigan","Retina Specialists of Michigan; Grand Rapids, MI"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5687-1564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Byers Eye Institute Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Specialists of Michigan, Grand Rapids, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Byers Eye Institute Stanford University School of Medicine; Palo Alto, CA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Palo Alto, CA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Specialists of Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Retina Specialists of Michigan; Grand Rapids, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106249756","display_name":"Katherine E Jaje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0133-4972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0133-4972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Katherine E. Jaje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan; and","Co-first author","East Lansing, MI","Michigan State University College of Human Medicine; East Lansing, MI"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0133-4972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Co-first author","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Lansing, MI","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University College of Human Medicine; East Lansing, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104216940","display_name":"Neena Singhal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neena Singhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan","East Lansing, MI","Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine; East Lansing, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Lansing, MI","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine; East Lansing, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093536730","display_name":"Maria C Miglio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria C. Miglio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan","East Lansing, MI","Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine; East Lansing, MI"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East Lansing, MI","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine; East Lansing, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106249756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"749","last_page":"752"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.6151999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11826","display_name":"Ocular Infections and Treatments","score":0.6151999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.2313999980688095,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.09870000183582306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/choroidal-neovascularization","display_name":"choroidal neovascularization","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aflibercept","display_name":"aflibercept","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anti-gm-csf-antibodies","display_name":"GM-CSF autoantibodies","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunocompromised-patients","display_name":"immunocompromised patients","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disseminated-nocardiosis","display_name":"disseminated nocardiosis","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intravitreal-anti-vegf-therapy","display_name":"intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subretinal-fluid","display_name":"subretinal fluid","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-recovery","display_name":"visual recovery","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.894033670425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778749236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689286","display_name":"Aflibercept","level":4,"score":0.8764940500259399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778989668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1402851","display_name":"Chorioretinitis","level":2,"score":0.8513426780700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781359195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5105209","display_name":"Choroidal neovascularization","level":3,"score":0.7918883562088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776846390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1856914","display_name":"Nocardiosis","level":4,"score":0.6367760896682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778257484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555066","display_name":"Visual acuity","level":2,"score":0.586937427520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.5599368214607239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135175","display_name":"Nocardia","level":3,"score":0.5255062580108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.4570264518260956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777802072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413299","display_name":"Bevacizumab","level":3,"score":0.3351837992668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2227967381477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974135","display_name":"Chemotherapy","level":2,"score":0.12968608736991882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002825","descriptor_name":"Chorioretinitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002825","descriptor_name":"Chorioretinitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002825","descriptor_name":"Chorioretinitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002825","descriptor_name":"Chorioretinitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009615","descriptor_name":"Nocardia","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009617","descriptor_name":"Nocardia Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009617","descriptor_name":"Nocardia Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009617","descriptor_name":"Nocardia Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009617","descriptor_name":"Nocardia Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011993","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Fusion Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011993","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Fusion Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014792","descriptor_name":"Visual Acuity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015818","descriptor_name":"Eye Infections, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015818","descriptor_name":"Eye Infections, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015818","descriptor_name":"Eye Infections, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015818","descriptor_name":"Eye Infections, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016178","descriptor_name":"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016867","descriptor_name":"Immunocompromised Host","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020256","descriptor_name":"Choroidal Neovascularization","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020533","descriptor_name":"Angiogenesis Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D040262","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D040262","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058449","descriptor_name":"Intravitreal Injections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/icb.0000000000001646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15540642","display_name":"Retinal Cases & Brief Reports","issn_l":"1935-1089","issn":["1935-1089","1937-1578"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"RETINAL Cases &amp; Brief Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39094111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39094111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retinal cases & brief reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/case-report","display_name":"Case Report"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964574542","https://openalex.org/W2967178554","https://openalex.org/W3216953471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055933905","https://openalex.org/W4245037574","https://openalex.org/W4400802412","https://openalex.org/W349317351","https://openalex.org/W2257391938","https://openalex.org/W4408872809","https://openalex.org/W4240423005","https://openalex.org/W4301621157","https://openalex.org/W2793576460","https://openalex.org/W3042721260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"The":[1,127],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,11,24,33,71,78,92,114,117,129,137],"this":[4,48],"study":[5,41],"was":[6],"to":[7,54,123,135],"describe":[8],"a":[9,17,31,43,50,79,90,144],"case":[10,44],"Nocardia":[12,81,132],"chorioretinitis-related":[13],"choroidal":[14,25,87],"neovascularization":[15,26],"in":[16,64,68,101,131,143],"patient":[18,98,145],"with":[19,22,58,83,95,140,146],"anti-GM-CSF":[20,118],"antibodies":[21],"resolution":[23,136],"and":[27,60,86,105],"visual":[28,62,106,141],"recovery":[29,142],"after":[30],"series":[32,91],"intravitreal":[34],"anti-vascular":[35],"endothelial":[36],"growth":[37],"factor.":[38],"METHODS:":[39],"This":[40],"is":[42],"report.":[45],"RESULTS:":[46],"In":[47],"case,":[49],"50-year-old":[51],"woman,":[52],"thought":[53],"be":[55],"immunocompetent,":[56],"presented":[57],"metamorphopsia":[59],"decreased":[61],"acuity":[63],"the":[65,69,97,115],"left":[66],"eye":[67],"setting":[70],"disseminated":[72,124,147],"nocardiosis":[73],".":[74],"She":[75],"had":[76,99],"evidence":[77],"subfoveal":[80],"lesion":[82,102],"subretinal":[84],"fluid":[85],"neovascularization.":[88],"After":[89],"off-label":[93],"injections":[94],"aflibercept,":[96],"improvement":[100],"size,":[103],"exudation,":[104],"acuity.":[107],"Extensive":[108],"workup":[109],"yielded":[110],"underlying":[111],"immunocompromise":[112],"because":[113],"presence":[116],"antibodies,":[119],"likely":[120],"predisposing":[121],"her":[122],"Nocardiosis.":[125,148],"CONCLUSION:":[126],"use":[128],"aflibercept":[130],"chorioretinitis":[133],"led":[134],"neovascular":[138],"activity":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-08-03T00:00:00"}
