{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401220613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","title":"Infrared Images Spectra Multi-class Classification Model Based on Deep Learning","display_name":"Infrared Images Spectra Multi-class Classification Model Based on Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401220613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","pdf_url":"https://www.mecs-press.org/ijisa/ijisa-v16-n4/IJISA-V16-N4-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172733","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2074-904X","issn":["2074-904X","2074-9058"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.mecs-press.org/ijisa/ijisa-v16-n4/IJISA-V16-N4-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110485993","display_name":"Asmaa S. Abdo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-0421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9963-0421"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I338016083","display_name":"University of Sadat City","ror":"https://ror.org/05p2q6194","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asmaa S. Abdo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department , Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence , University of Sadat City , Menoufia , 32897 , Egypt","Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department , Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence , University of Sadat City , Menoufia , 32897 , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I338016083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066907086","display_name":"Kamel K. Mohammed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-8588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-8588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184834183","display_name":"Al-Azhar University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fnp1145","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamel K. Mohammed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for virus research and Studies , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , 11754 , Egypt","Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for virus research and Studies , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , 11754 , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184834183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102503901","display_name":"Rania Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4839-8037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4839-8037"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089325","display_name":"Modern University for Information and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00746ch50","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089325"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rania Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence , Modern University for Technology & Information , Cairo , Egypt","Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence , Modern University for Technology & Information , Cairo , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018267303","display_name":"Heba Alshater","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-408X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2858-408X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134598","display_name":"Scientific Research Group in Egypt","ror":"https://ror.org/03rahtg67","country_code":"EG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heba Alshater","raw_affiliation_strings":["Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Scientific Research School of Egypt (SRSEG) www","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076600597","display_name":"Samar A. Aly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-865X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9764-865X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samar A. Aly","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108035307","display_name":"Ashraf Darwish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-6280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-6280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84058292","display_name":"Helwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h55v928","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Darwish","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84058292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110737703","display_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aboul Ella Hassanein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"22","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.14110000431537628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"multi-class classification","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resnet-101","display_name":"ResNet-101","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficientnet-b0","display_name":"EfficientNetB0","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-scattering-transform","display_name":"wavelet scattering transform","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-fusion","display_name":"feature fusion","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-feature-extraction","display_name":"statistical feature extraction","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oversampling","display_name":"random oversampling","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-sne-visualization","display_name":"t-SNE visualization","score":0.8100000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8765515089035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.685738205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6748229265213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5673879981040955}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","pdf_url":"https://www.mecs-press.org/ijisa/ijisa-v16-n4/IJISA-V16-N4-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172733","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2074-904X","issn":["2074-904X","2074-9058"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2024.04.02","pdf_url":"https://www.mecs-press.org/ijisa/ijisa-v16-n4/IJISA-V16-N4-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172733","display_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2074-904X","issn":["2074-904X","2074-9058"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401220613.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401220613.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152193740","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2736435690","https://openalex.org/W2885618170","https://openalex.org/W2938879599","https://openalex.org/W2952818417","https://openalex.org/W3000491333","https://openalex.org/W3009767348","https://openalex.org/W3010662401","https://openalex.org/W3016854165","https://openalex.org/W3017644243","https://openalex.org/W3033828772","https://openalex.org/W3091877367","https://openalex.org/W3097211536","https://openalex.org/W3112718240","https://openalex.org/W3120795911","https://openalex.org/W3133697691","https://openalex.org/W3134220855","https://openalex.org/W3164194348","https://openalex.org/W3196128465","https://openalex.org/W3196347879","https://openalex.org/W3209561444","https://openalex.org/W3214191913","https://openalex.org/W3217467689","https://openalex.org/W4210397391","https://openalex.org/W4210932445","https://openalex.org/W4283211652","https://openalex.org/W4285816663","https://openalex.org/W4287385009","https://openalex.org/W4313583846","https://openalex.org/W4321506968","https://openalex.org/W4385634781","https://openalex.org/W4406977166"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391320745","https://openalex.org/W7162678638","https://openalex.org/W4385476447","https://openalex.org/W7223051121","https://openalex.org/W4415633004","https://openalex.org/W7143417122","https://openalex.org/W4321201499","https://openalex.org/W7009012663","https://openalex.org/W3137237498","https://openalex.org/W3134662393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,148,166],"classification":[1,26,75,146,174],"of":[2,27,99,125,168,176,181,185,190,195,199,204,208],"Fourier":[3,29],"Transform":[4,30],"Infrared":[5,31],"spectra":[6,93],"images":[7,94],"is":[8],"crucial":[9],"in":[10,63,89,163],"chemometrics.":[11],"This":[12,120],"paper":[13],"proposes":[14],"an":[15,131],"efficient":[16],"model":[17,37,121,171],"based":[18],"on":[19],"deep":[20,40],"learning":[21,41],"approaches":[22],"for":[23],"enhancement":[24],"and":[25,46,101,127,144,187,206],"the":[28,58,91,106,109,116,123,141,169],"Spectra":[32],"(FTIR)":[33],"images.":[34],"proposed":[36,170],"integrates":[38],"three":[39],"models":[42],"including":[43],"ResNet101,":[44],"EfficientNetB0,":[45],"Wavelet":[47],"Scattering":[48],"transform":[49],"(WST)":[50],"to":[51,159],"extract":[52],"several":[53],"features":[54,60,150],"from":[55],"FTIR.":[56],"Then":[57],"obtained":[59],"were":[61,151],"fused":[62],"conjunction":[64],"with":[65],"standard":[66],"statistical":[67],"feature":[68],"extraction.":[69],"It":[70],"followed":[71],"by":[72],"a":[73,79,183,188],"subsequent":[74],"phase":[76],"that":[77],"employs":[78],"Convolutional":[80],"Neural":[81],"Network":[82],"(CNN)":[83],"architecture,":[84],"which":[85],"demonstrates":[86],"high":[87,173],"accuracy":[88,175],"classifying":[90],"infrared":[92],"into":[95],"six":[96],"different":[97],"classes":[98],"ligands":[100],"their":[102],"metal":[103],"complexes.":[104],"During":[105],"training":[107,142],"phase,":[108],"network\u2019s":[110],"weights":[111],"are":[112],"iteratively":[113],"updated":[114],"using":[115,153],"Adam":[117],"optimization":[118],"algorithm.":[119],"addresses":[122],"challenge":[124],"small":[126],"imbalanced":[128],"datasets":[129],"through":[130],"image":[132],"oversampling":[133],"process.":[134],"Using":[135],"random":[136],"over-sampling":[137],"technique,":[138],"it":[139],"enhances":[140],"process":[143],"overall":[145],"performance.":[147],"extracted":[149],"analyzed":[152],"t-distributed":[154],"Stochastic":[155],"Neighbor":[156],"Embedding":[157],"(t-SNE)":[158],"visualize":[160],"high-dimensional":[161],"data":[162],"two":[164],"dimensions.":[165],"results":[167],"show":[172],"0.91%,":[177],"low":[178],"error":[179],"rate":[180,194],"0.08%,":[182],"sensitivity":[184],"0.89%":[186],"precision":[189],"0.89%,":[191],"false":[192],"positive":[193],"0.01%,":[196],"F1":[197],"score":[198],"0.89,":[200],"Matthews":[201],"Correlation":[202],"Coefficient":[203],"0.87":[205],"Kappa":[207],"0.68.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-08-02T00:00:00"}