{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401122425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","title":"Mitigating Heavy Metal Contamination in Sewerage Water Application Using Caso4 in Tomato Cultivation","display_name":"Mitigating Heavy Metal Contamination in Sewerage Water Application Using Caso4 in Tomato Cultivation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401122425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4910681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005402787","display_name":"Hafiz Mohkum Hammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-3069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1725-3069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz  Mohkum Hammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida","University of Florida, PO Box 117165, 201 Stuzin Hall, Gainesville, FL 32610-0496, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida, PO Box 117165, 201 Stuzin Hall, Gainesville, FL 32610-0496, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008841362","display_name":"Rashid Jawad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3141-894X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3141-894X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116806","display_name":"Ghazi University","ror":"https://ror.org/023a7t361","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashid Jawad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ghazi University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ghazi University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062636825","display_name":"Shaghef Ejaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-9189","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4018-9189"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaghef Ejaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahauddin Zakariya University","Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, PA 60800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, PA 60800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108229931","display_name":"Aamir Nawaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0648-1991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0648-1991","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0976-2346"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Nawaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahauddin Zakariya University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113928397","display_name":"Sajid Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-5024","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-5024"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127670440","display_name":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x817c41","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bahauddin Zakariya University","Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, PA 60800, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahauddin Zakariya University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, PA 60800, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127670440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022372336","display_name":"Farhat Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-8527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2032-8527"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhat Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090671205","display_name":"Artemi Cerd\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-4489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5326-4489"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Artemi Cerd\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent  - affiliation not provided to SSRN","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005402787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10139","display_name":"Heavy metals in environment","score":0.8223000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.17030000686645508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12780","display_name":"Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-pollution","display_name":"heavy metal contamination","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead","display_name":"lead","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-sulfate","display_name":"calcium sulfate","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato","display_name":"tomato","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lead-accumulation-in-plants","display_name":"lead accumulation in plants","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis","display_name":"photosynthesis","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reactive-oxygen-species","display_name":"reactive oxygen species","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidoreductases","display_name":"oxidative enzymes","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-quality","display_name":"fruit quality","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peri-urban-agriculture","display_name":"peri-urban agriculture","score":0.7350000143051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165895018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156849","display_name":"Sewerage","level":2,"score":0.8786680102348328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.829344630241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5779109001159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018674859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183129","display_name":"Water contamination","level":3,"score":0.5590958595275879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776053758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105789","display_name":"Heavy metals","level":2,"score":0.5474567413330078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4265793561935425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.39736324548721313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.33871766924858093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2639266550540924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1587895154953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15572136640548706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.08210337162017822}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4910681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.4910681","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4910681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.965499997138977,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4285196894","https://openalex.org/W7160889327","https://openalex.org/W4316127617","https://openalex.org/W3185675499","https://openalex.org/W2559725576","https://openalex.org/W2253704746","https://openalex.org/W2009600468","https://openalex.org/W4316662885","https://openalex.org/W4414311476","https://openalex.org/W2210729408"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2024-07-31T00:00:00"}
