{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401067908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","title":"What Are the Barriers Impeding Female Graduates in Higher Education from Pursuing Entrepreneurship in China? An Investigation from a Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective","display_name":"What Are the Barriers Impeding Female Graduates in Higher Education from Pursuing Entrepreneurship in China? An Investigation from a Theory of Planned Behaviour Perspective","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401067908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39199046","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11352001"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs14080651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011818639","display_name":"Zhixiu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3095-9278","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3095-9278"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London WC1H 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education and Society, University College London, London WC1H 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013456061","display_name":"Wu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-1433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-1433"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wuyuan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Seconday Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8022-1433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Seconday Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013456061"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"],"apc_list":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2501},"apc_paid":{"value":2200,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2501},"fwci":2.1878,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88568032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"651","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-entrepreneurs","display_name":"women entrepreneurs","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/women-graduates","display_name":"women graduates","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barriers-to-entrepreneurship","display_name":"barriers to entrepreneurship","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-inequality","display_name":"gender inequality","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-planned-behavior","display_name":"theory of planned behavior","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-norms","display_name":"subjective norms","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-behavioral-control","display_name":"perceived behavioral control","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attitudes-towards-entrepreneurship","display_name":"attitudes towards entrepreneurship","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-influence","display_name":"family influence","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-aversion","display_name":"risk aversion","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-university-students","display_name":"female university students","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.8489999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.8270472288131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7755584716796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89785696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2290753","display_name":"Theory of planned behavior","level":3,"score":0.7579919099807739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7554178237915039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987553829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380761","display_name":"Entrepreneurship education","level":3,"score":0.4921795427799225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778720315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5442755","display_name":"Female entrepreneurs","level":3,"score":0.48635250329971313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3965931832790375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3800888657569885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.33664703369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.32855385541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.2091568410396576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15467515587806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.08210718631744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs14080651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11352001","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11352001","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11352001/pdf/behavsci-14-00651.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behav Sci (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39199046","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39199046","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:afd2e633098d4a1baa9fda457c2506c2","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/afd2e633098d4a1baa9fda457c2506c2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 8, p 651 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bs14080651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210194710","display_name":"Behavioral Sciences","issn_l":"2076-328X","issn":["2076-328X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Behavioral Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7376999855041504},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6452000141143799},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.5}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642726610","https://openalex.org/W1479738378","https://openalex.org/W1748004804","https://openalex.org/W1891283440","https://openalex.org/W1979290264","https://openalex.org/W2016083082","https://openalex.org/W2023286583","https://openalex.org/W2045368186","https://openalex.org/W2052727234","https://openalex.org/W2075731134","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2103294540","https://openalex.org/W2123381557","https://openalex.org/W2132470305","https://openalex.org/W2134695706","https://openalex.org/W2137642444","https://openalex.org/W2145980318","https://openalex.org/W2174253539","https://openalex.org/W2253068245","https://openalex.org/W2269680972","https://openalex.org/W2485620756","https://openalex.org/W2508278311","https://openalex.org/W2511383579","https://openalex.org/W2557412172","https://openalex.org/W2562496974","https://openalex.org/W2563625771","https://openalex.org/W2571417171","https://openalex.org/W2585886238","https://openalex.org/W2608731863","https://openalex.org/W2735723900","https://openalex.org/W2783078037","https://openalex.org/W2807088679","https://openalex.org/W2883024233","https://openalex.org/W2898705538","https://openalex.org/W2941160741","https://openalex.org/W2945182799","https://openalex.org/W2994055518","https://openalex.org/W2996313470","https://openalex.org/W3004491699","https://openalex.org/W3010088571","https://openalex.org/W3010211980","https://openalex.org/W3010270041","https://openalex.org/W3015590642","https://openalex.org/W3017427771","https://openalex.org/W3026017419","https://openalex.org/W3033218501","https://openalex.org/W3034582256","https://openalex.org/W3036219908","https://openalex.org/W3043689190","https://openalex.org/W3091993370","https://openalex.org/W3095927549","https://openalex.org/W3104858669","https://openalex.org/W3107967726","https://openalex.org/W3109918590","https://openalex.org/W3120775682","https://openalex.org/W3120949366","https://openalex.org/W3121312467","https://openalex.org/W3131072194","https://openalex.org/W3137491890","https://openalex.org/W3154219337","https://openalex.org/W3156525427","https://openalex.org/W3182116947","https://openalex.org/W3186605388","https://openalex.org/W3186862491","https://openalex.org/W3191775488","https://openalex.org/W3215656687","https://openalex.org/W4206711400","https://openalex.org/W4207043292","https://openalex.org/W4210734567","https://openalex.org/W4212851134","https://openalex.org/W4220688691","https://openalex.org/W4230328740","https://openalex.org/W4234580964","https://openalex.org/W4300912023","https://openalex.org/W4318200073","https://openalex.org/W4322711539","https://openalex.org/W4386526627","https://openalex.org/W4389131215","https://openalex.org/W6790567461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4413251330","https://openalex.org/W4414097593","https://openalex.org/W7127649242","https://openalex.org/W7002300109","https://openalex.org/W2591533557","https://openalex.org/W4404596701","https://openalex.org/W4400893882","https://openalex.org/W2349569074","https://openalex.org/W4284673360","https://openalex.org/W2119498320"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,156],"study":[1,53,157],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,59,63,93,159,168,174,182],"obstacles":[4,170],"encountered":[5],"by":[6,17,162],"female":[7,66,85,191],"graduates":[8],"in":[9,70,151,171,173],"China's":[10],"higher":[11],"education":[12],"system":[13],"when":[14],"considering":[15],"entrepreneurship":[16,29,172],"employing":[18],"Theory":[20],"of":[21,51,65,167],"Planned":[22],"Behaviour":[23],"as":[24,33],"an":[25],"analytical":[26],"framework.":[27],"Although":[28],"is":[30,54],"widely":[31],"acknowledged":[32],"crucial":[34],"for":[35],"economic":[36],"and":[37,108,118,120,129,143,149,184],"personal":[38],"growth,":[39],"gender":[40],"inequalities":[41],"remain,":[42],"with":[43,84],"women":[44],"being":[45],"severely":[46],"underrepresented.":[47],"The":[48,103,132],"primary":[49],"objective":[50],"this":[52,77],"to":[55,72,91,146,189],"gain":[56],"insight":[57],"into":[58],"underlying":[60],"reasons":[61],"behind":[62],"reluctance":[64],"university":[67,86],"students,":[68],"specifically":[69],"China,":[71],"pursue":[73],"entrepreneurial":[74],"ventures.":[75],"In":[76],"study,":[78],"we":[79],"conducted":[80],"30":[81],"semi-structured":[82],"interviews":[83],"students":[87],"from":[88,99],"different":[89],"majors":[90],"identify":[92],"key":[94],"barriers":[95],"that":[96,135,179],"discourage":[97],"them":[98],"starting":[100],"their":[101],"businesses.":[102],"factors":[104],"discovered":[105],"are":[106,153,187],"instrumental":[107],"affective":[109],"attitudes":[110],"towards":[111],"entrepreneurship,":[112],"subjective":[113],"norms":[114],"(family,":[115],"friends,":[116],"teachers,":[117],"others),":[119],"perceived":[121],"behavioural":[122],"control":[123],"(encompassing":[124],"past":[125],"experiences,":[126],"second-hand":[127],"information,":[128],"anticipated":[130],"obstacles).":[131],"results":[133],"showed":[134],"a":[136,164],"conservative":[137],"familial":[138],"atmosphere,":[139],"risk-averse":[140],"cultural":[141],"norms,":[142],"limited":[144],"access":[145],"helpful":[147],"resources":[148],"experiences":[150],"universities":[152],"major":[154],"obstacles.":[155],"enriches":[158],"present":[160],"knowledge":[161],"providing":[163],"detailed":[165],"explanation":[166],"gender-specific":[169],"Chinese":[175],"context.":[176],"It":[177],"proposes":[178],"interventions":[180],"at":[181],"educational":[183],"governmental":[185],"levels":[186],"imperative":[188],"promote":[190],"entrepreneurship.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2024-07-31T00:00:00"}
