{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400903177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241263774","title":"Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis Reveals Two Distinct Human\u2013Automation Trust Constructs","display_name":"Multilevel Confirmatory Factor Analysis Reveals Two Distinct Human\u2013Automation Trust Constructs","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400903177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241263774","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39042835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208241263774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241263774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241263774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009915375","display_name":"Yusuke Yamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-0010","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-0010"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yusuke Yamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-0010","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001714615","display_name":"Shelby K. Long","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelby K. Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101551289","display_name":"Tetsuya Sato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0571-8253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0571-8253"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Sato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059079852","display_name":"Abby L. Braitman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-1094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2259-1094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abby L. Braitman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073203791","display_name":"Michael S. Politowicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8216-5972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8216-5972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81365321","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael S. Politowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA","Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046656459","display_name":"Eric T. Chancey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5342-6834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5342-6834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1319063186","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric T. Chancey","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1319063186"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009915375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81365321"],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95464154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"166","last_page":"180"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-automation","display_name":"trust in automation","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-scale","display_name":"trust scale","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/purpose-trusts","display_name":"purpose trusts","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-confirmatory-factor-analysis","display_name":"multilevel confirmatory factor analysis","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778321746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621922","display_name":"Distrust","level":2,"score":0.8490790724754333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.675476610660553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.5634527802467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5596656203269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5267376899719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5242952704429626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42150577902793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41314393281936646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.344354510307312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2703050971031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10431894659996033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08211633563041687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06465178728103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005163","descriptor_name":"Factor Analysis, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D035502","descriptor_name":"Trust","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/00187208241263774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241263774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241263774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39042835","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39042835","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:soar.wichita.edu:10057/29611","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10057/29611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401479","display_name":"Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39587148","host_organization_name":"Wichita State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39587148"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"180","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2301485298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NIA.COOP.05.202075 \u2013 202075","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332378","funder_display_name":"Langley Research Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311672","display_name":"Old Dominion University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zjtrb98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332378","display_name":"Langley Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0399mhs52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W834882260","https://openalex.org/W1587794822","https://openalex.org/W1849190772","https://openalex.org/W1966245113","https://openalex.org/W1966901944","https://openalex.org/W1973213502","https://openalex.org/W1978271112","https://openalex.org/W2007567868","https://openalex.org/W2008519080","https://openalex.org/W2008653298","https://openalex.org/W2008899878","https://openalex.org/W2023297379","https://openalex.org/W2032426551","https://openalex.org/W2034235631","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W2063052894","https://openalex.org/W2068173593","https://openalex.org/W2069287462","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2097544968","https://openalex.org/W2100408980","https://openalex.org/W2121067959","https://openalex.org/W2122578209","https://openalex.org/W2125286702","https://openalex.org/W2135907989","https://openalex.org/W2143655022","https://openalex.org/W2158672897","https://openalex.org/W2315387217","https://openalex.org/W2520683212","https://openalex.org/W2527458356","https://openalex.org/W2576949977","https://openalex.org/W2790074248","https://openalex.org/W2791722789","https://openalex.org/W2806637990","https://openalex.org/W2953658799","https://openalex.org/W3048210769","https://openalex.org/W3119717514","https://openalex.org/W3120977973","https://openalex.org/W3129982794","https://openalex.org/W3130007865","https://openalex.org/W3151809423","https://openalex.org/W3206297794","https://openalex.org/W4205841339","https://openalex.org/W4237686165","https://openalex.org/W4243342770","https://openalex.org/W4248588746","https://openalex.org/W4253015732","https://openalex.org/W4297382062","https://openalex.org/W4308609119","https://openalex.org/W4312355569","https://openalex.org/W4392058953","https://openalex.org/W4406592334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3130007865","https://openalex.org/W4412636070","https://openalex.org/W2125286702","https://openalex.org/W4393213255","https://openalex.org/W7128495254","https://openalex.org/W2757117547","https://openalex.org/W4407241226","https://openalex.org/W2044140042","https://openalex.org/W4361189103","https://openalex.org/W2104254968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"This":[1],"work":[2],"examined":[3],"the":[4,7,11,94,107,110,174],"relationship":[5,108],"of":[6,35,209],"constructs":[8],"measured":[9],"by":[10,15],"trust":[12,37,46,57,67,80,112,133,167,181],"scales":[13,92,113,134,176,204],"developed":[14,75],"Chancey":[16,48,128,163,195],"et":[17,22,49,72,124,129,150,164,196,201],"al.":[18,23,50,73,125,130,197,202],"(2017)":[19,51,131,166,198],"and":[20,54,63,81,127,140,157,189,199],"Jian":[21,71,123,149,200],"(2000)":[24,56,74,126,152,203],"using":[25,45,114,194],"a":[26,76,115],"multilevel":[27,116],"confirmatory":[28],"factor":[29],"analysis":[30,171],"(CFA).":[31],"BACKGROUND:":[32],"Modern":[33],"theories":[34],"automation":[36,132,190],"have":[38],"been":[39],"proposed":[40],"based":[41],"on":[42],"data":[43,100],"collected":[44,101],"scales.":[47],"adapted":[52],"Madsen":[53],"Gregor's":[55],"scale":[58,77],"to":[59,105,144,178,205],"align":[60],"with":[61,79],"Lee":[62],"See's":[64],"(2004)":[65],"human-automation":[66,180,210],"framework.":[68],"In":[69],"contrast,":[70],"empirically":[78],"distrust":[82,141],"as":[83],"factors.":[84],"However,":[85],"it":[86],"remains":[87],"unclear":[88],"whether":[89],"these":[90],"two":[91,111,175],"measure":[93,179],"same":[95],"construct.":[96],"METHOD:":[97],"We":[98],"analyzed":[99],"from":[102],"previous":[103],"experiments":[104],"investigate":[106],"between":[109],"CFA.":[117],"RESULTS:":[118],"Data":[119],"provided":[120],"evidence":[121],"that":[122,173],"are":[135,142,159,182],"only":[136,183],"weakly":[137,184],"related.":[138,185],"Trust":[139,187],"found":[143],"be":[145],"distinct":[146,160],"factors":[147,161],"in":[148,162],"al.'s":[151,165],"scale,":[153],"whereas":[154],"performance,":[155],"process,":[156],"purpose":[158],"scale.":[168],"CONCLUSION:":[169],"The":[170],"suggested":[172],"purporting":[177],"APPLICATION:":[186],"researchers":[188],"designers":[191],"may":[192],"consider":[193],"capture":[206],"different":[207],"characteristics":[208],"trust.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-07-24T00:00:00"}
