{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400869348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","title":"Multi-level factors influencing climate migration willingness among small-scale farmers","display_name":"Multi-level factors influencing climate migration willingness among small-scale farmers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400869348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104881947","display_name":"Razieh Kalantari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3123046734","display_name":"Lorestan University","ror":"https://ror.org/051bats05","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Razieh Kalantari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012327340","display_name":"Mohammad Reza Pakravan-Charvadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4954","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1570-4954"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3123046734","display_name":"Lorestan University","ror":"https://ror.org/051bats05","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Reza Pakravan-Charvadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039261532","display_name":"Mehdi Rahimian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3102-2299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3102-2299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3123046734","display_name":"Lorestan University","ror":"https://ror.org/051bats05","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Rahimian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3123046734"],"apc_list":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"apc_paid":{"value":3295,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3295},"fwci":6.3514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96532693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12656","display_name":"Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12656","display_name":"Climate Change, Adaptation, Migration","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10439","display_name":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","score":0.07320000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11488","display_name":"Climate Change Communication and Perception","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-migration","display_name":"climate-induced migration","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smallholder-farmers","display_name":"smallholder farmers","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-attainment","display_name":"educational attainment","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-capital","display_name":"financial capital","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-to-urban-migration","display_name":"rural-urban migration","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-capacity","display_name":"adaptive capacity","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-agriculture","display_name":"sustainable agriculture","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacity-building","display_name":"capacity building","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6553263068199158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5977309942245483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.5813186168670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.557077169418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5248332619667053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.46659114956855774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777364431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140813","display_name":"Willingness to pay","level":2,"score":0.4419430196285248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4259895086288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.39948856830596924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2797439396381378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.27073660492897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.21989339590072632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14256447553634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.13316920399665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09593743085861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba2507533fb34b2dba38fb0a88506872","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba2507533fb34b2dba38fb0a88506872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol 12 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1434708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2596204836","display_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","issn_l":"2296-665X","issn":["2296-665X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9786999821662903,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"},{"score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.4359000027179718,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508025505","https://openalex.org/W1537785690","https://openalex.org/W2016953154","https://openalex.org/W2056590375","https://openalex.org/W2059087733","https://openalex.org/W2073861886","https://openalex.org/W2095783636","https://openalex.org/W2107470235","https://openalex.org/W2109259473","https://openalex.org/W2114926945","https://openalex.org/W2120133963","https://openalex.org/W2126273146","https://openalex.org/W2131393926","https://openalex.org/W2567189951","https://openalex.org/W2582541275","https://openalex.org/W2782258892","https://openalex.org/W2796259751","https://openalex.org/W2902892677","https://openalex.org/W2982608279","https://openalex.org/W3001949784","https://openalex.org/W3010532478","https://openalex.org/W3012272881","https://openalex.org/W3044353682","https://openalex.org/W3053340375","https://openalex.org/W3081680825","https://openalex.org/W3089392754","https://openalex.org/W3092345047","https://openalex.org/W3103836095","https://openalex.org/W3110384292","https://openalex.org/W3124610766","https://openalex.org/W3125912307","https://openalex.org/W3129384157","https://openalex.org/W3152746190","https://openalex.org/W3162782894","https://openalex.org/W3163127763","https://openalex.org/W3165611546","https://openalex.org/W3171814761","https://openalex.org/W3207293302","https://openalex.org/W3207365010","https://openalex.org/W4220997865","https://openalex.org/W4224995303","https://openalex.org/W4225283372","https://openalex.org/W4226404192","https://openalex.org/W4285410046","https://openalex.org/W4285494337","https://openalex.org/W4303969490","https://openalex.org/W4306868335","https://openalex.org/W4323313604","https://openalex.org/W4328050692","https://openalex.org/W4360618947","https://openalex.org/W4365816795","https://openalex.org/W4376271571","https://openalex.org/W4386744132","https://openalex.org/W4387399442","https://openalex.org/W4387491672","https://openalex.org/W4387879649","https://openalex.org/W4388591250","https://openalex.org/W4391574960","https://openalex.org/W4392962723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2754458654","https://openalex.org/W7160245960","https://openalex.org/W4404537042","https://openalex.org/W4283746436","https://openalex.org/W4230380051","https://openalex.org/W4408419969","https://openalex.org/W4393216657","https://openalex.org/W3005468844","https://openalex.org/W4401915160","https://openalex.org/W7027287353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"Climate":[1],"change":[2,22],"is":[3],"a":[4,127,145,154],"pressing":[5],"global":[6],"challenge":[7],"impacting":[8],"agriculture":[9],"and":[10,26,31,44,183,193,222],"rural":[11,117],"communities.":[12],"This":[13],"study":[14,120],"investigates":[15],"the":[16,28,59,99,116,132,158,176,207],"willingness":[17,65,83,112],"to":[18,57,66,84,88,101,113,115,137,141,163,174,188],"migrate":[19,85,114],"against":[20],"climate":[21,67,89,142,211],"among":[23],"small-scale":[24,39,181],"farmers":[25,40],"explores":[27],"associated":[29,81,97,109,152],"socioeconomic":[30],"sociodemographic":[32],"factors.":[33],"Method:":[34],"A":[35,51],"sample":[36],"of":[37,61,76,134,160,210],"296":[38],"was":[41,55,95,107,151],"randomly":[42],"selected,":[43],"data":[45],"were":[46],"collected":[47],"through":[48],"face-to-face":[49],"interviews.":[50],"logistic":[52],"regression":[53],"model":[54],"used":[56],"assess":[58],"association":[60],"multi-level":[62],"factors":[63],"with":[64,82,98,110,153,215],"migration.":[68,225],"Results:":[69],"The":[70,119],"results":[71],"showed":[72],"that":[73,123],"different":[74],"dimensions":[75],"adaptation":[77],"strategies":[78],"are":[79],"inversely":[80],"in":[86,130,139,148,157,213],"response":[87,140],"change.":[90,143],"In":[91],"contrast,":[92],"human":[93],"capital":[94,106],"directly":[96],"desire":[100],"migrate.":[102,164],"Also,":[103],"improving":[104,202],"financial":[105,168],"indirectly":[108],"farmers\u2019":[111,190,203],"area.":[118],"also":[121],"found":[122],"education":[124,149],"level":[125,150],"plays":[126],"key":[128],"role":[129],"increasing":[131],"probability":[133],"being":[135,161],"willing":[136,162],"relocate":[138],"Specifically,":[144],"1-year":[146],"increase":[147,156],"4.2%":[155],"likelihood":[159],"Discussion:":[165],"Therefore,":[166],"providing":[167],"support":[169],"for":[170],"sustainable":[171,195],"farming":[172],"practices":[173],"alleviate":[175],"economic":[177],"challenges":[178],"faced":[179],"by":[180],"farmers,":[182],"implementing":[184],"targeted":[185],"capacity-building":[186],"programs":[187],"enhance":[189],"adaptive":[191],"capacity":[192],"promote":[194],"agricultural":[196],"development":[197],"can":[198,219],"be":[199],"suggested.":[200],"Furthermore,":[201],"specialized":[204],"knowledge":[205],"regarding":[206],"various":[208],"consequences":[209],"migration,":[212],"conjunction":[214],"their":[216,224],"general":[217],"education,":[218],"help":[220],"control":[221],"manage":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-07-22T00:00:00"}