{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400814828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","title":"Backscatter absorption spectroscopy for process monitoring in powder bed fusion","display_name":"Backscatter absorption spectroscopy for process monitoring in powder bed fusion","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400814828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/optcon.529573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221826","display_name":"Optics Continuum","issn_l":"2770-0208","issn":["2770-0208"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Continuum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044699926","display_name":"Matthias Beuting","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-4848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-4848"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthias Beuting","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-4848","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059232290","display_name":"Alex J. Fairhall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5657-7027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5657-7027"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex J. Fairhall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004610473","display_name":"Randall H. Goldsmith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-8592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-8592"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Randall H. Goldsmith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-8592","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056165412","display_name":"Lianyi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-398X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3720-398X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianyi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009016307","display_name":"Scott T. Sanders","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott T. Sanders","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1372,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1372},"apc_paid":{"value":1372,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1372},"fwci":0.4018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50958429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"8","first_page":"1423","last_page":"1423"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10705","display_name":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","score":0.9359999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11854","display_name":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","score":0.047200001776218414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-powder-bed-fusion","display_name":"laser powder bed fusion","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-additive-manufacturing","display_name":"metal additive manufacturing","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ti-6al-4v","display_name":"Ti-6Al-4V","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molten-pool","display_name":"molten pool","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vapor-cavity","display_name":"vapor cavity","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-induced-fluorescence","display_name":"laser-induced fluorescence","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-monitoring","display_name":"process monitoring","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-line-strengths","display_name":"absorption line strengths","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-parameters","display_name":"process parameters","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-diagnostics","display_name":"in situ diagnostics","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-defects","display_name":"manufacturing defects","score":0.652999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.7635037302970886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6589651107788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5496838092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.540589451789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5226271152496338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.4942202866077423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.41972601413726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119824511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13553575","display_name":"Absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4168005883693695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3569836914539337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3242945373058319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27142250537872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.24045607447624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16183143854141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16006436944007874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.14265522360801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12003135681152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10308727622032166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07807451486587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1364/optcon.529573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221826","display_name":"Optics Continuum","issn_l":"2770-0208","issn":["2770-0208"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Continuum","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.31224/3429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31224/3429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31224/3429","pdf_url":"https://engrxiv.org/preprint/download/3429/6776","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1364/optcon.529573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1364/optcon.529573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221826","display_name":"Optics Continuum","issn_l":"2770-0208","issn":["2770-0208"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optics Continuum","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388803952","display_name":"IN-SITU CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DYNAMICS IN ELECTRON BEAM POWDER BED FUSION AM","funder_award_id":"70NANB21H039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7999210852","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-21-F-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","funder_display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461178480","https://openalex.org/W2553881921","https://openalex.org/W2591682036","https://openalex.org/W2597543005","https://openalex.org/W2621678934","https://openalex.org/W2622110699","https://openalex.org/W2767055392","https://openalex.org/W2796705419","https://openalex.org/W2888584638","https://openalex.org/W2890015345","https://openalex.org/W2942539847","https://openalex.org/W2954252216","https://openalex.org/W3009042051","https://openalex.org/W3011660335","https://openalex.org/W3035939804","https://openalex.org/W3048975108","https://openalex.org/W3087378005","https://openalex.org/W3110950893","https://openalex.org/W3170583422","https://openalex.org/W3172166634","https://openalex.org/W3193888359","https://openalex.org/W4226161608","https://openalex.org/W4281686528","https://openalex.org/W4283258093","https://openalex.org/W4288083982","https://openalex.org/W4289877760","https://openalex.org/W4313555724","https://openalex.org/W4318217615","https://openalex.org/W4367598172","https://openalex.org/W4375862539","https://openalex.org/W4382751937","https://openalex.org/W6948629720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160067888","https://openalex.org/W4391209522","https://openalex.org/W4320518936","https://openalex.org/W2807731256","https://openalex.org/W3044671157","https://openalex.org/W4406568256","https://openalex.org/W4382751937","https://openalex.org/W3109357711","https://openalex.org/W4214932280","https://openalex.org/W2089736933"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laser":[0],"powder":[1,17],"bed":[2],"fusion":[3],"is":[4,34],"a":[5,15,19],"metal":[6,16,28,52],"3D":[7],"printing":[8],"technology":[9],"that":[10],"involves":[11],"melting":[12],"and":[13,76],"solidifying":[14],"using":[18],"process":[20],"laser":[21,46],"or":[22],"electron":[23],"beam.":[24],"The":[25,72],"interaction":[26],"of":[27,45,61],"vapors":[29],"with":[30,83],"the":[31,50,64,69],"melt":[32,70],"pool":[33],"known":[35],"to":[36,54,80],"cause":[37],"manufacturing":[38],"defects.":[39],"Here":[40],"we":[41],"use":[42],"absorption":[43,73],"spectroscopy":[44],"light":[47],"reflected":[48],"from":[49],"liquid":[51],"surface":[53],"measure":[55],"atomic":[56],"Ti":[57],"vapor":[58,65],"during":[59],"processing":[60,84],"Ti-6Al-4V":[62],"inside":[63],"cavity":[66],"forming":[67],"in":[68,97],"pool.":[71],"line":[74],"strength":[75],"shape":[77],"were":[78],"found":[79],"vary":[81],"significantly":[82],"parameters.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"laser-induced":[88],"fluorescence":[89],"(LIF)":[90],"was":[91],"observed,":[92],"providing":[93],"further":[94],"opportunities":[95],"for":[96],"situ":[98],"diagnostics.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2024-07-20T00:00:00"}