{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400790065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","title":"Evaluation of liquid organic manures as biostimulants on the agronomic performance of spinach","display_name":"Evaluation of liquid organic manures as biostimulants on the agronomic performance of spinach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400790065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","pdf_url":"https://www.agronomyjournals.com/archives/2024/vol7issue7S/PartE/S-7-7-21-333.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239748","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","issn_l":"2618-060X","issn":["2618-060X","2618-0618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.agronomyjournals.com/archives/2024/vol7issue7S/PartE/S-7-7-21-333.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110572228","display_name":"C. Vennila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82452031","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/04waphv22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82452031"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Vennila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor , Livestock Farm Complex , TANUVAS , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor , Livestock Farm Complex , TANUVAS , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82452031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T Muthuramalingam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82452031","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/04waphv22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82452031"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Muthuramalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor , Livestock Farm Complex , TANUVAS , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor , Livestock Farm Complex , TANUVAS , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82452031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022137208","display_name":"Arunachalam Shanmuga Sundaram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Shanmuga Sundaram","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062954580","display_name":"K. Thilak Pon Jawahar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Thilak Pon Jawahar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043539967","display_name":"S. Meenakshi Sundaram","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82452031","display_name":"Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/04waphv22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82452031"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Meenakshi Sundaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor , Livestock Farm Complex , TANUVAS , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor , Livestock Farm Complex , TANUVAS , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82452031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"7S","first_page":"321","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12407","display_name":"Plant Growth Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.03440000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13246","display_name":"Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinach","display_name":"spinach","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-biostimulants","display_name":"organic biostimulants","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panchagavya","display_name":"Panchagavya","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jeevamrutha","display_name":"Jeevamrutha","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nano-urea","display_name":"nano urea","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gir-cattle","display_name":"Gir cattle","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ratoon-crop","display_name":"ratoon crop","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agronomic-performance","display_name":"agronomic performance","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-area","display_name":"leaf area","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-water-content","display_name":"relative water content","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-shoot-ratio","display_name":"root-shoot ratio","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoot-dry-weight","display_name":"shoot dry weight","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-dry-weight","display_name":"root dry weight","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth","display_name":"plant growth","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-farming","display_name":"organic farming","score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780054949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421117","display_name":"Spinach","level":2,"score":0.887982964515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5052927136421204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36328282952308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.27736976742744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.06646880507469177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","pdf_url":"https://www.agronomyjournals.com/archives/2024/vol7issue7S/PartE/S-7-7-21-333.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239748","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","issn_l":"2618-060X","issn":["2618-060X","2618-0618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/2618060x.2024.v7.i7se.1047","pdf_url":"https://www.agronomyjournals.com/archives/2024/vol7issue7S/PartE/S-7-7-21-333.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210239748","display_name":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","issn_l":"2618-060X","issn":["2618-060X","2618-0618"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research in Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400790065.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400790065.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396774617","https://openalex.org/W4417517855","https://openalex.org/W2991953387","https://openalex.org/W4411490828","https://openalex.org/W2961891391","https://openalex.org/W2904499398","https://openalex.org/W2968658712","https://openalex.org/W7168137609","https://openalex.org/W2767729458","https://openalex.org/W4402239872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Evaluation":[0],"on":[1,8,206,327],"the":[2,9,25,119,164,181,193,209,223,267,314,330,344,373,386,406,415,424,442,449,456,465,477,487],"effect":[3],"of":[4,11,29,33,49,56,66,76,85,94,103,124,146,157,166,175,183,195,199,211,215,225,229,269,273,282,316,320,332,336,346,350,388,393,399,426,430,451,458,461,467,480],"organic":[5,16],"biostimulants":[6,17],"application":[7,165,182,194,210,224,268,315,331,345,425,457,466],"performance":[10],"spinach":[12,125,147,176,364],"was":[13,36,177,189,311,402,409,418,437],"experimented.":[14],"The":[15,40,115,131,185,242,278,366,395],"such":[18,148,245,469],"as":[19,149,246,470],"panchagavya":[20,473],"and":[21,108,121,143,239,261,284,292,300,303,308,360,383,390,411,414,420,444,474,482],"jeevamrutha":[22,475],"prepared":[23],"at":[24,236,357],"farm":[26],"with":[27,163,192,208,266,313,329,375,423,433,455,464],"products":[28],"native":[30],"cattle":[31],"breed":[32],"India,":[34],"Gir":[35],"used":[37],"for":[38,118,128],"application.":[39],"treatments":[41],"are":[42],"T1:":[43],"Without":[44],"nutrients,":[45,50],"T2:":[46],"Recommended":[47],"dose":[48,55,65,75,84,93,102,198,214,228,272,319,335,349,429,460],"T3:":[51],"100":[52],"%":[53,382,422],"recommended":[54,64,74,83,92,101,197,213,227,271,318,334,348,428,459],"nutrients":[57,67,77,86,95,104,200,216,230,274,321,337,351,431,462,481],"+":[58,68,78,87,96,105,168,201,217,231,275,322,338,352],"Nano":[59,69,232,353],"urea":[60,70,233,354],"spray,":[61,71,80,89,98],"T4:":[62],"75%":[63,82,100],"T5:":[72],"100%":[73,91,196,212,226,270,317,333,347,427],"Panchagavya":[79,88,218,339],"T6:":[81],"T7:":[90],"Jeevamrutha":[97,106,169,202,276,323,434],"T8:":[99],"spray":[107,170,203,219,234,324,340,355,435],"replicated":[109],"thrice":[110],"in":[111,137,140,368,397],"randomized":[112],"block":[113],"design.":[114],"data":[116],"observed":[117],"first":[120,141,237,358,389,443],"ratoon":[122,144,240,361,391,445],"crop":[123,142,392],"were":[126,161,264],"interpreted":[127],"obtaining":[129],"conclusions.":[130],"results":[132],"indicated":[133],"that":[134],"maximum":[135,279,374],"increase":[136,367,379,396],"growth":[138],"parameters":[139,244],"crops":[145],"plant":[150],"height,":[151],"leaf":[152,154,247,249,252,254,256,262],"length,":[153],"breadth,":[155],"number":[156],"leaves":[158],"per":[159,370],"plant,":[160],"obtained":[162,312],"100%RDF":[167],"(T7).":[171],"Shoot":[172],"base":[173],"diameter":[174],"not":[178],"influenced":[179],"by":[180,222,343,380],"nutrients.":[184],"root":[186,295,304],"shoot":[187,280,287],"ratio":[188],"found":[190,485],"higher":[191],"(T7),":[204],"but":[205,326,484],"par":[207,328],"(T5)":[220,341],"followed":[221,342],"(T3)":[235,356],"harvest":[238,359,362,387],"harvest.":[241],"physiological":[243],"volume,":[248],"density,":[250],"specific":[251],"area,":[253,257],"thickness,":[255],"relative":[258],"water":[259],"content":[260,401,417],"weight":[263,281,289,297,306],"enhanced":[265],"spray.":[277],"880.91":[283],"764.44":[285],"g,":[286],"dry":[288,305],"(413.01":[290],"g":[291,299],"370.52":[293],"g),":[294],"fresh":[296],"(29.42":[298],"25.08":[301],"g)":[302,310],"(6.20g":[307],"6.22":[309],"(T7)":[325,436],"od":[363],"respectively.":[365,447],"yield":[369],"hectare":[371],"is":[372],"T7":[376],"resulting":[377],"an":[378],"122":[381],"105%":[384],"during":[385,404,441],"spinach.":[394],"percentage":[398],"nitrogen":[400],"20.61":[403],"both":[405],"harvests,":[407],"phosphorous":[408],"26.31":[410],"19.64":[412],"percent":[413],"potassium":[416],"17.08":[419],"19.0":[421],"along":[432,463],"compared":[438],"to":[439],"control":[440],"harvests":[446],"However,":[448],"quantity":[450,479],"nitrate":[452],"accumulated":[453],"increased":[454],"stimulants":[468,483],"nano":[471],"urea,":[472],"over":[476],"reduced":[478],"within":[486],"permissible":[488],"limits.":[489]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2024-07-19T00:00:00"}
