{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400685489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","title":"The impact of external shocks on economic development in Iraq for the period 1980-2020 using the (NARDL) model","display_name":"The impact of external shocks on economic development in Iraq for the period 1980-2020 using the (NARDL) model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400685489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","pdf_url":"https://kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/kjeas/article/download/774/575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278305","display_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences","issn_l":"1999-558X","issn":["1999-558X","2707-4560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/kjeas/article/download/774/575","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104618566","display_name":"Kamil Hilal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamil Hilal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113291080","display_name":"Anmar Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anmar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0955569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"51","first_page":"525","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11059","display_name":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.023399999365210533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11823","display_name":"Natural Resources and Economic Development","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-shocks","display_name":"external shocks","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-prices","display_name":"oil prices","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflation","display_name":"inflation","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"international trade","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-development","display_name":"economic development","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rentier-economy","display_name":"rentier economy","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gross-domestic-product","display_name":"gross domestic product","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5711236596107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5541723966598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36333203315734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12080329656600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","pdf_url":"https://kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/kjeas/article/download/774/575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278305","display_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences","issn_l":"1999-558X","issn":["1999-558X","2707-4560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq:article/774","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/index/article/view/774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278305","display_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences","issn_l":"1999-558X","issn":["1999-558X","2707-4560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1999-558X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1651.23","pdf_url":"https://kjeas.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/kjeas/article/download/774/575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387278305","display_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences","issn_l":"1999-558X","issn":["1999-558X","2707-4560"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4363603785","host_organization_name":"Wassit University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4363603785"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wassit University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9211000204086304,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400685489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400685489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221206361","https://openalex.org/W4405575612","https://openalex.org/W4291824480","https://openalex.org/W7223428106","https://openalex.org/W4307544808","https://openalex.org/W7167291295","https://openalex.org/W4392793916","https://openalex.org/W4388702655","https://openalex.org/W4396730846","https://openalex.org/W7128904306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,110,139],"results":[1,65,111],"of":[2,13,16,75,117,122,154,184],"estimating":[3],"the":[4,8,14,115,147,151,155,172,182],"(NARDL)":[5],"model":[6,63],"showed":[7,66,113],"negative":[9,39,47],"and":[10,19,33,102,132,146,168],"positive":[11,25,32],"effects":[12,183],"variables":[15],"oil":[17,28,42,73,148],"prices":[18,29,43,74],"inflation":[20,121],"on":[21,36,49],"foreign":[22,106],"trade,":[23,37,50],"as":[24],"changes":[26,40],"in":[27,41,71,82,91,97,105,128,135,188],"have":[30,45,53],"a":[31,46,54,68,80,89,95,118,133,143,175],"significant":[34,55],"effect":[35,48,56],"while":[38],"can":[44],"but":[51],"they":[52],"only":[57],"when":[58],"10%":[59],"significance":[60],"level":[61],"estimation":[64],"that":[67,114],"favorable":[69],"shock":[70,119],"crude":[72],"1%":[76,123],"would":[77],"lead":[78],"to":[79,125,165],"decrease":[81,90,96,134],"gross":[83,156],"domestic":[84,157],"product":[85],"(GDP)":[86],"by":[87,93,100,108,130,137,171],"1.152%,":[88],"unemployment":[92,136],"0.3112%,":[94],"public":[98],"expenditures":[99],"0.4631%,":[101],"an":[103,126],"increase":[104,127],"trade":[107],"5.8935%.":[109],"also":[112],"occurrence":[116],"Favorable":[120],"leads":[124],"output":[129],"0.6534%":[131],"0.013%.":[138],"Iraqi":[140],"economy":[141,145],"is":[142],"rentier":[144],"sector":[149],"dominates":[150],"total":[152],"value":[153],"product.":[158],"It":[159],"suffers":[160],"from":[161],"structural":[162],"imbalances":[163],"due":[164],"weak":[166],"policies":[167],"programs":[169],"taken":[170],"government.":[173],"As":[174],"result,":[176],"it":[177],"faced":[178],"many":[179],"external":[180],"shocks,":[181],"which":[185],"were":[186],"reflected":[187],"economic":[189],"development":[190]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-07-17T00:00:00"}
