{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400675892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","title":"Clover: Closed-Loop Verifiable Code Generation","display_name":"Clover: Closed-Loop Verifiable Code Generation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400675892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400676399","display_name":"AI Verification"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.17807","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070125519","display_name":"Chuyue Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9226-3688","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9226-3688"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuyue Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9226-3688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083402013","display_name":"Ying Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2126","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2126"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-2126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064997169","display_name":"Oded Padon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4209-1635","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4209-1635"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768063","display_name":"VMware (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01mwmh458","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768063"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oded Padon","raw_affiliation_strings":["VMware Research, Palo Alto, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4209-1635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VMware Research, Palo Alto, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768063"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026961968","display_name":"Clark Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clark Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford University, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-3084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford University, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070125519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7086,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99240462,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"134","last_page":"155"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.7440999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.1151999980211258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.05869999900460243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-generation","display_name":"code generation","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency-checking","display_name":"consistency checking","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"formal verification","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dafny","display_name":"Dafny","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"formal specification","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docstrings","display_name":"docstrings","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-correctness","display_name":"program correctness","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8523191809654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6854476928710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5584415197372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5287192463874817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.47852906584739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.4737573266029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36044201254844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32647544145584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.27514398097991943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09267997741699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65112-0_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2310.17807","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17807","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.17807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2310.17807","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.17807","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2310.17807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2310.17807","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2310.17807","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.17807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400675892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400675892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858945639","https://openalex.org/W2003879744","https://openalex.org/W2037237472","https://openalex.org/W2094878426","https://openalex.org/W2101512909","https://openalex.org/W2107147876","https://openalex.org/W2130427425","https://openalex.org/W2161159055","https://openalex.org/W2276356546","https://openalex.org/W2954725723","https://openalex.org/W2963617989","https://openalex.org/W2987907651","https://openalex.org/W3123221944","https://openalex.org/W3174357804","https://openalex.org/W3213368902","https://openalex.org/W4206647573","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4224308101","https://openalex.org/W4225108562","https://openalex.org/W4226225224","https://openalex.org/W4226287673","https://openalex.org/W4229675450","https://openalex.org/W4251912342","https://openalex.org/W4281663895","https://openalex.org/W4281975731","https://openalex.org/W4286750487","https://openalex.org/W4288057765","https://openalex.org/W4292956935","https://openalex.org/W4302012631","https://openalex.org/W4303649020","https://openalex.org/W4309804142","https://openalex.org/W4310514998","https://openalex.org/W4310557242","https://openalex.org/W4319827374","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4385565416","https://openalex.org/W4385572707","https://openalex.org/W4388629193","https://openalex.org/W4388858772","https://openalex.org/W4389432325","https://openalex.org/W4391505367","https://openalex.org/W4391558490","https://openalex.org/W4396665924","https://openalex.org/W4399631463","https://openalex.org/W4400582872","https://openalex.org/W4400939349","https://openalex.org/W4412537454","https://openalex.org/W6601839238","https://openalex.org/W7133198585","https://openalex.org/W7133233775","https://openalex.org/W7133236450"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405253975","https://openalex.org/W7162774048","https://openalex.org/W4411234014","https://openalex.org/W6891941702","https://openalex.org/W7215110248","https://openalex.org/W7155980115","https://openalex.org/W4416609154","https://openalex.org/W7202183797","https://openalex.org/W4414585853","https://openalex.org/W4415310611"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2024-07-17T00:00:00"}