{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400645541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730818","title":"The Effects of Waiving WIC Physical Presence Requirements on Program Caseloads","display_name":"The Effects of Waiving WIC Physical Presence Requirements on Program Caseloads","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400645541","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1086/730818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26544713","display_name":"Social Service Review","issn_l":"0037-7961","issn":["0037-7961","1537-5404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Service Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025056879","display_name":"William Clay Fannin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9138-9837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Clay Fannin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syracuse University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syracuse University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059589251","display_name":"Colleen M. Heflin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-2027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9323-2027"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Colleen Heflin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syracuse University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syracuse University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053381335","display_name":"Leonard M. Lopoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4962","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-4962"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard M. Lopoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syracuse University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syracuse University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81872551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"98","issue":"3","first_page":"482","last_page":"513"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11610","display_name":"Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wic-program","display_name":"WIC program","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.7570000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-take-up","display_name":"program take-up","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-assistance-programs","display_name":"food assistance programs","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779738154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412143","display_name":"Triazolam","level":4,"score":0.31674379110336304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2809210419654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11450675129890442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83871","display_name":"Benzodiazepine","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1086/730818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1086/730818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26544713","display_name":"Social Service Review","issn_l":"0037-7961","issn":["0037-7961","1537-5404"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315672","host_organization_name":"University of Chicago Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315672","https://openalex.org/P4310315690"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Chicago Press","University of Chicago"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Social Service Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W243421985","https://openalex.org/W1783345205","https://openalex.org/W2055946730","https://openalex.org/W2117472708","https://openalex.org/W2122340833","https://openalex.org/W2157653962","https://openalex.org/W2163098330","https://openalex.org/W2195896752","https://openalex.org/W2294409398","https://openalex.org/W2332440152","https://openalex.org/W2391854556","https://openalex.org/W2555007985","https://openalex.org/W2586738145","https://openalex.org/W2591421475","https://openalex.org/W2807829799","https://openalex.org/W2884216135","https://openalex.org/W2909515765","https://openalex.org/W2910343518","https://openalex.org/W3082337483","https://openalex.org/W3084814987","https://openalex.org/W3120595420","https://openalex.org/W3123149361","https://openalex.org/W3127322200","https://openalex.org/W3145824801","https://openalex.org/W3154016136","https://openalex.org/W3158958041","https://openalex.org/W3161232976","https://openalex.org/W3193737264","https://openalex.org/W3194761956","https://openalex.org/W3200975241","https://openalex.org/W3213526873","https://openalex.org/W3213873965","https://openalex.org/W4206193798","https://openalex.org/W4220901963","https://openalex.org/W4249260295","https://openalex.org/W4284893798","https://openalex.org/W4319341086","https://openalex.org/W4384469021","https://openalex.org/W4398987004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404231810","https://openalex.org/W7212050664","https://openalex.org/W4282832556","https://openalex.org/W4220901963","https://openalex.org/W4284893798","https://openalex.org/W3194761956","https://openalex.org/W3193737264","https://openalex.org/W3171791809","https://openalex.org/W4286457230","https://openalex.org/W3200975241"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"Special":[1],"Supplemental":[2],"Nutrition":[3],"Program":[4],"for":[5,17,28,110],"Women,":[6],"Infants,":[7],"and":[8,34,76,90,120],"Children":[9],"(WIC)":[10],"requires":[11],"applicants":[12,124],"to":[13,44,67,107,125],"visit":[14],"local":[15,64],"offices":[16],"in-person":[18,41,69,141],"appointments.":[19],"face-to-face":[21],"nature":[22],"of":[23,54],"WIC":[24,65,78,86,98,145],"has":[25],"been":[26],"praised":[27],"fostering":[29],"personal":[30],"engagement":[31],"between":[32],"workers":[33],"participants,":[35],"but":[36],"some":[37],"scholars":[38],"argue":[39],"that":[40,95,112,129,139],"requirements":[42,142],"contribute":[43],"WIC\u2019s":[45],"low":[46],"take-up":[47],"rate":[48],"(51":[49],"percent":[50],"in":[51,88],"2017).":[52],"Because":[53],"public":[55],"health":[56],"concerns":[57],"during":[58],"COVID-19,":[59],"the":[60],"federal":[61],"government":[62],"allowed":[63],"agencies":[66],"waive":[68],"requirements.":[70],"Using":[71],"linked":[72],"primary":[73],"waiver":[74,89],"data":[75],"administrative":[77],"data,":[79],"we":[80,105],"implement":[81],"a":[82],"difference-in-differences":[83],"design,":[84],"comparing":[85],"caseloads":[87,99],"nonwaiver":[91],"counties.":[92],"We":[93],"estimate":[94],"waivers":[96],"increased":[97],"by":[100],"about":[101],"11":[102],"percent,":[103],"although":[104],"fail":[106],"detect":[108],"effects":[109],"counties":[111],"did":[113,121],"not":[114,122],"offer":[115],"modernized":[116],"document":[117],"submission":[118],"options":[119],"allow":[123],"self-attest":[126],"eligibility":[127],"or":[128],"only":[130],"offered":[131],"curbside\u2014rather":[132],"than":[133],"fully":[134],"remote\u2014certification":[135],"options.":[136],"Results":[137],"suggest":[138],"relaxing":[140],"can":[143],"improve":[144],"take-up.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-07-16T00:00:00"}
