{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400623971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","title":"Effect of varying replacement levels of soybean meal with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed meal on growth and feed utilization performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)","display_name":"Effect of varying replacement levels of soybean meal with watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) seed meal on growth and feed utilization performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400623971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","pdf_url":"https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue4/PartA/12-3-27-326.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764391556","display_name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","issn_l":"2347-5129","issn":["2347-5129","2394-0506"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614584","host_organization_name":"AkiNik Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614584"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AkiNik Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue4/PartA/12-3-27-326.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099168606","display_name":"Mudi ZR","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mudi ZR","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mahmud A","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmud A","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093008423","display_name":"H. Abdul-Azeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-9848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-9848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul-Azeez H","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081493189","display_name":"Suleiman AM","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suleiman AM","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019206886","display_name":"IU Muhd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7600-1127","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7600-1127"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhd IU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152878381","display_name":"Aminu MU","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aminu MU","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099168604","display_name":"Abubakar FB","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I919958821","display_name":"Bayero University Kano","ror":"https://ror.org/049pzty39","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakar FB","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aminu MU Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Bayero University, Kano, PMB 3011, Kano state, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I919958821"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"59","last_page":"63"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12319","display_name":"Fish Biology and Ecology Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clarias-gariepinus","display_name":"Clarias gariepinus","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soybean-meal-replacement","display_name":"soybean meal replacement","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-feed-formulation","display_name":"fish feed formulation","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-efficiency-ratio","display_name":"protein efficiency ratio","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-survival","display_name":"fish survival","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerlings","display_name":"fingerlings","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquaculture-feed-cost","display_name":"aquaculture feed cost","score":0.7110000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779004935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17507129","display_name":"Citrullus lanatus","level":2,"score":0.9224857091903687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387344","display_name":"Clarias gariepinus","level":4,"score":0.853448748588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.7234997153282166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364900","display_name":"Soybean meal","level":3,"score":0.6775067448616028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5581833124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.39956018328666687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3675537705421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.2777690589427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.23031854629516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.18782258033752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0659010112285614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778189562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59576","display_name":"Catfish","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","pdf_url":"https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue4/PartA/12-3-27-326.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764391556","display_name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","issn_l":"2347-5129","issn":["2347-5129","2394-0506"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614584","host_organization_name":"AkiNik Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614584"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AkiNik Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/fish.2024.v12.i4a.2944","pdf_url":"https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue4/PartA/12-3-27-326.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764391556","display_name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","issn_l":"2347-5129","issn":["2347-5129","2394-0506"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4322614584","host_organization_name":"AkiNik Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614584"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["AkiNik Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"},{"score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400623971.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400623971.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2276156634","https://openalex.org/W2493157377","https://openalex.org/W2766194172","https://openalex.org/W2896153377","https://openalex.org/W2997142212","https://openalex.org/W4200403269","https://openalex.org/W4225566342"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2318288043","https://openalex.org/W2551395420","https://openalex.org/W3126678772","https://openalex.org/W2776639383","https://openalex.org/W6902138352","https://openalex.org/W7157103574","https://openalex.org/W2959183490","https://openalex.org/W2141257420","https://openalex.org/W4225566342","https://openalex.org/W2550464989"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"quest":[1],"to":[2,152,235],"minimize":[3],"cost":[4],"of":[5,16,27,35,45,72,101,156,215,219,228],"feeding":[6,112],"in":[7,24,95,109,204,234],"aquaculture":[8],"operation":[9],"prompted":[10],"this":[11],"investigation":[12],"on":[13,38,69],"the":[14,25,36,39,145,160,164,172,176,194,197,205,229],"substitution":[15,37],"soybean":[17],"meal":[18],"(SBM)":[19],"with":[20,134,147,175,196,217],"watermelon":[21,230],"seed":[22,231],"(WMS)":[23],"diets":[26,68],"Clarias":[28,46],"gariepinus":[29,47],"fingerlings.":[30,48],"This":[31,208],"study":[32,209],"investigated":[33],"impacts":[34],"growth":[40,141],"performance":[41],"and":[42,58,84,106,129,171,187],"feed":[43,181,237],"utilization":[44],"Watermelon":[49],"seeds":[50],"were":[51,89],"processed":[52],"by":[53],"boiling":[54],"for":[55,121,212],"15-minutes,":[56],"dried":[57],"milled":[59],"into":[60,65,91],"fine":[61],"particles":[62],"before":[63,232],"incorporation":[64,233],"five":[66],"experimental":[67],"graded":[70],"levels":[71],"SBM-WMS":[73],"replacements":[74],"i.e.,":[75],"0%":[76],"(CTR),":[77],"25%":[78],"(DT1),":[79],"50%":[80],"(DT2),":[81],"75%":[82,157,220],"(DT3)":[83],"100%":[85],"(DT4).":[86],"225":[87],"fish":[88,103,236],"stocked":[90],"50-litres":[92],"plastic":[93],"tanks":[94],"a":[96,117,153],"Complete":[97],"Random":[98],"Design":[99],"(CRD)":[100],"15":[102],"per":[104],"tank":[105],"each":[107],"treatment":[108,227],"triplicates.":[110],"trial":[113],"was":[114,125],"conducted":[115],"under":[116],"flow-through":[118],"drainage":[119],"system":[120],"56":[122],"days.":[123],"Feeding":[124],"done":[126],"twice":[127],"daily":[128],"at":[130],"5%":[131],"body":[132],"weight":[133,167],"consequential":[135],"adjustment":[136],"fortnightly.":[137],"Results":[138],"showed":[139],"significant":[140],"differences":[142],"(p\u22640.05)":[143,192],"across":[144],"treatments,":[146],"an":[148],"increasing":[149],"trend":[150],"up":[151],"threshold":[154],"peak":[155],"replacement.":[158],"Thus,":[159],"DT3":[161],"group":[162,174],"had":[163],"highest":[165],"average":[166],"gain":[168],"(8.507":[169],"g),":[170],"DT4":[173,206],"lowest":[177],"(3.245":[178],"g).":[179],"Similarly,":[180],"conversion":[182],"ratio,":[183],"protein":[184],"efficiency":[185],"ratios":[186],"%":[188],"survival":[189],"varied":[190],"significantly":[191],"among":[193],"treatments":[195],"poorest":[198],"(FCR=4.89,":[199],"PER=0.08":[200],"&":[201],"Survival=46.35%)":[202],"recorded":[203],"group.":[207],"establishes":[210],"potential":[211],"higher":[213],"replacement":[214],"SBM":[216],"WMS":[218],"level":[221],"but":[222],"will":[223],"also":[224],"consider":[225],"adequate":[226],"formulations.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2024-07-15T00:00:00"}
