{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400618323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","title":"Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma Multiforme","display_name":"Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma Multiforme","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400618323","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39139341","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11320889"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.64506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104503107","display_name":"Amna Makawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3593-5564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3593-5564"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130525","display_name":"Sidra Medical and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03acdk243","country_code":"QA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}],"countries":["QA","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amna Makawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT",". Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR",". Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN",". Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104503108","display_name":"Somia A Khalafallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6405-5568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6405-5568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130525","display_name":"Sidra Medical and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03acdk243","country_code":"QA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}],"countries":["QA","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somia A Khalafallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN",". Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR",". Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT",". Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114191142","display_name":"Israa M Faris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-9892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-9892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130525","display_name":"Sidra Medical and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03acdk243","country_code":"QA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}],"countries":["QA","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Israa  M Faris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR",". Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN",". Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT",". Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023909016","display_name":"Mohamed Alfaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-2357","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4913-2357"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112471","display_name":"Istanbul University-Cerrahpa\u015fa","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzn5f42","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130525","display_name":"Sidra Medical and Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03acdk243","country_code":"QA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]}],"countries":["QA","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Alfaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT",". Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR",". Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN",". Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research, Sidra Medicine, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Fertilization and Artificial Insemination, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, TUR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Hematology and Immunohematology, Ibn Sina University, Khartoum, SDN","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":". Medicine, Elrazi University, Doha, QAT","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104503107"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112471","https://openalex.org/I4210130525"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9697,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75624772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"7","first_page":"e64506","last_page":"e64506"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10129","display_name":"Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10755","display_name":"HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13779","display_name":"Cancer Mechanisms and Therapy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glioblastoma","display_name":"glioblastoma","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epithelial-growth-factor-receptor","display_name":"epithelial growth factor receptor","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egfr","display_name":"EGFR","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-biomarkers","display_name":"diagnostic biomarkers","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-expression","display_name":"gene expression","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tp53-mutation","display_name":"TP53 mutation","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-infiltration","display_name":"immune cell infiltration","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-cells","display_name":"B cells","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinicopathological-features","display_name":"clinicopathological features","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/egfr-mutation","display_name":"EGFR mutation","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8607630133628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5690480470657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781182431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356033","display_name":"Adenocarcinoma","level":3,"score":0.535800576210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424401","display_name":"Epidermal growth factor receptor","level":3,"score":0.5141497254371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4463839530944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164529","display_name":"Renal cell carcinoma","level":2,"score":0.4433528184890747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.4225858449935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.41992902755737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3628872036933899}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.64506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11320889","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11320889","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11320889/pdf/cureus-0016-00000064506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39139341","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39139341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7759/cureus.64506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738950867","display_name":"Cureus","issn_l":"2168-8184","issn":["2168-8184"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316779","host_organization_name":"Cureus, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316779"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cureus, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cureus","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400618323.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400618323.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2020541351","https://openalex.org/W2507880739","https://openalex.org/W2607129810","https://openalex.org/W2736730167","https://openalex.org/W2755607447","https://openalex.org/W2765224588","https://openalex.org/W2970515629","https://openalex.org/W2991986724","https://openalex.org/W3125460758","https://openalex.org/W3185482622","https://openalex.org/W3211589405","https://openalex.org/W4225011983","https://openalex.org/W4282835951","https://openalex.org/W4296713153","https://openalex.org/W4304688384","https://openalex.org/W4386438154","https://openalex.org/W4387246316"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4415379488","https://openalex.org/W2044470367","https://openalex.org/W3137177649","https://openalex.org/W2753778303","https://openalex.org/W2029910316","https://openalex.org/W2917905208","https://openalex.org/W3092425544","https://openalex.org/W2138946288","https://openalex.org/W3164974908","https://openalex.org/W1911965864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glioblastoma":[0],"multiforme":[1],"(GBM),":[2],"a":[3,21,29,84,106,301,330],"highly":[4],"aggressive":[5,36],"tumor":[6,18],"of":[7,68,91,173,246,292,325],"the":[8,13,89,114,171,252,257,276,290,339],"central":[9],"nervous":[10],"system,":[11],"is":[12],"most":[14],"common":[15],"malignant":[16],"brain":[17],"and":[19,44,80,109,126,141,157,163,184,200,216,234,282,289,309,341],"poses":[20],"significant":[22,302,315],"risk":[23],"to":[24,34,82,87,113,204,225,256,270],"life.":[25],"GBM":[26,287,336],"patients":[27,98,189,265,288,334],"have":[28],"low":[30],"survival":[31],"rate":[32],"owing":[33],"their":[35],"nature,":[37],"poor":[38,331],"prognosis,":[39],"genomic":[40],"variations":[41],"among":[42],"patients,":[43],"histopathological":[45],"differences.":[46],"In":[47,244],"this":[48,239,312],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"used":[51],"several":[52],"bioinformatics":[53],"platforms,":[54],"namely":[55],"Tumor":[56],"Immune":[57],"Estimation":[58],"Resource":[59],"(TIMER),":[60],"Gene":[61],"Expression":[62],"Profiling":[63],"Interactive":[64],"Analysis":[65,74],"(GEPIA),":[66],"University":[67],"Alabama":[69],"at":[70],"Birmingham":[71],"Cancer":[72],"Data":[73],"Portal":[75],"(UALCAN)":[76],"databases,":[77],"Kaplan-Meier":[78],"plotter,":[79],"cBioPortal,":[81],"conduct":[83],"comprehensive":[85],"analysis":[86],"highlight":[88],"expression":[90,172,281],"epithelial":[92],"growth":[93],"factor":[94],"receptor":[95],"(EGFR)":[96],"in":[97,120,150,175,188,198,213,222,232,251,264,286,333],"with":[99,190,266,329,335],"GBM.":[100,191],"Our":[101,168,298],"study":[102,321],"highlights":[103],"EGFR":[104,117,174,195,219,248,261,279,293,326],"as":[105],"potential":[107],"diagnostic":[108],"prognostic":[110],"marker.":[111],"According":[112],"TIMER":[115],"database,":[116],"was":[118,148,196,209,220,230,240,249,262,313,327],"upregulated":[119,197,221,250,263],"five":[121],"cancers,":[122],"including":[123],"GBM,":[124],"head":[125],"neck":[127],"squamous":[128,143],"cell":[129,133,137,139,144,284,318],"carcinoma,":[130,134,140,145,153],"kidney":[131,135],"renal":[132,136],"papillary":[138],"lung":[142],"whereas":[146,228],"it":[147,208,229],"downregulated":[149,212,231],"breast":[151],"invasive":[152],"colon":[154],"adenocarcinoma,":[155,160,162],"pheochromocytoma":[156],"paraganglioma,":[158],"prostate":[159],"rectum":[161],"uterine":[164],"corpus":[165],"endometrial":[166],"carcinoma.":[167],"investigation":[169],"highlighted":[170],"various":[176],"clinicopathological":[177],"parameters,":[178],"which":[179],"include":[180],"age,":[181],"sex,":[182],"gender,":[183,247],"TP53":[185,267],"mutation":[186],"status":[187],"We":[192,273],"found":[193],"that":[194,323],"middle-aged":[199],"older":[201,217],"adults":[202,215],"compared":[203,224,255,269],"normal":[205,226,271],"tissues,":[206],"while":[207],"not":[210,241,314],"significantly":[211],"young":[214],"adults.":[218],"Caucasians":[223],"tissue,":[227],"Asian":[233],"African":[235],"American":[236],"populations,":[237],"but":[238,311],"statistically":[242],"significant.":[243],"terms":[245],"male":[253],"population":[254],"female":[258],"population.":[259],"Furthermore,":[260],"mutations":[268,294],"tissues.":[272],"also":[274],"examined":[275],"correlation":[277,304],"between":[278,305],"gene":[280],"immune":[283],"infiltration":[285],"impact":[291],"on":[295],"patient":[296],"prognosis.":[297],"results":[299],"revealed":[300],"positive":[303],"EGFR,":[306],"B":[307],"cells,":[308],"macrophages,":[310],"for":[316],"other":[317],"types.":[319],"This":[320],"signified":[322],"upregulation":[324],"associated":[328],"prognosis":[332],"validated":[337],"by":[338],"GEPIA":[340],"UALCAN":[342],"databases.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2024-07-15T00:00:00"}