{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400599586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","title":"Assessment and Treatment of Vaginitis","display_name":"Assessment and Treatment of Vaginitis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400599586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38991218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139838620","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","issn_l":"0029-7844","issn":["0029-7844","1873-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076719936","display_name":"Caroline M. Mitchell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-2349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9924-2349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Caroline M. Mitchell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, and the Vulvovaginal Disorders Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, and the Vulvovaginal Disorders Program, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076719936"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.027,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69814815,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"144","issue":"6","first_page":"765","last_page":"781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11589","display_name":"Gynecological conditions and treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11232","display_name":"Urinary Tract Infections Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginitis","display_name":"vaginal infection","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-bacterial-vaginosis","display_name":"recurrent bacterial vaginosis","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-vulvovaginal-candidiasis","display_name":"recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trichomoniasis","display_name":"trichomoniasis","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-diagnosis","display_name":"molecular diagnosis","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-treatment-duration","display_name":"extended treatment duration","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antifungal-agents","display_name":"antifungal agents","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactobacillus-crispatus","display_name":"Lactobacillus crispatus","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metronidazole","display_name":"metronidazole","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexually-transmitted-infections","display_name":"sexually transmitted infections","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desquamative-inflammatory-vaginitis","display_name":"desquamative inflammatory vaginitis","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genitourinary-syndrome-of-menopause","display_name":"genitourinary syndrome of menopause","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulvodynia","display_name":"vulvodynia","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-diagnosis","display_name":"differential diagnosis","score":0.7419999837875366}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779952448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804521","display_name":"Bacterial vaginosis","level":2,"score":0.9101198315620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8317642211914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777023796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745865","display_name":"Trichomoniasis","level":2,"score":0.7656239867210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676191","display_name":"Vaginitis","level":2,"score":0.7402358055114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780549859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1571008","display_name":"Vulvodynia","level":3,"score":0.7144447565078735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777396551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169569","display_name":"Metronidazole","level":3,"score":0.6123580932617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993569511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712836","display_name":"Pelvic inflammatory disease","level":2,"score":0.5311195850372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910222780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745865","display_name":"Trichomonas Vaginitis","level":3,"score":0.4954122304916382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4854219853878021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777700855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18211693","display_name":"Vaginal disease","level":3,"score":0.4530482292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777744392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5880","display_name":"Vagina","level":2,"score":0.44143056869506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.4194953739643097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.35120218992233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.24739140272140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.18655472993850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780136519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7161805","display_name":"Pelvic pain","level":2,"score":0.1853255033493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000935","descriptor_name":"Antifungal Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002181","descriptor_name":"Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002181","descriptor_name":"Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008795","descriptor_name":"Metronidazole","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014627","descriptor_name":"Vaginitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014627","descriptor_name":"Vaginitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014627","descriptor_name":"Vaginitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000382","qualifier_name":"microbiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014627","descriptor_name":"Vaginitis","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016585","descriptor_name":"Vaginosis, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016585","descriptor_name":"Vaginosis, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/aog.0000000000005673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139838620","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology","issn_l":"0029-7844","issn":["0029-7844","1873-233X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics & Gynecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38991218","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38991218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Obstetrics and gynecology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8299999833106995}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":181,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W53492312","https://openalex.org/W90634587","https://openalex.org/W1491056866","https://openalex.org/W1556211525","https://openalex.org/W1556845313","https://openalex.org/W1820393462","https://openalex.org/W1897826404","https://openalex.org/W1965203729","https://openalex.org/W1970215763","https://openalex.org/W1973157699","https://openalex.org/W1976021417","https://openalex.org/W1978948448","https://openalex.org/W1983119654","https://openalex.org/W1987404769","https://openalex.org/W1988293848","https://openalex.org/W1991214621","https://openalex.org/W1995741514","https://openalex.org/W1996658951","https://openalex.org/W2005864812","https://openalex.org/W2007388866","https://openalex.org/W2007562118","https://openalex.org/W2011499012","https://openalex.org/W2015585521","https://openalex.org/W2018380620","https://openalex.org/W2019393533","https://openalex.org/W2021887161","https://openalex.org/W2023856845","https://openalex.org/W2024230321","https://openalex.org/W2038136652","https://openalex.org/W2038191910","https://openalex.org/W2043742232","https://openalex.org/W2045472172","https://openalex.org/W2046487574","https://openalex.org/W2048794344","https://openalex.org/W2051515314","https://openalex.org/W2057803055","https://openalex.org/W2058181213","https://openalex.org/W2061198932","https://openalex.org/W2062310357","https://openalex.org/W2062537985","https://openalex.org/W2063013219","https://openalex.org/W2067991316","https://openalex.org/W2071138343","https://openalex.org/W2082943329","https://openalex.org/W2085000937","https://openalex.org/W2085559716","https://openalex.org/W2088197417","https://openalex.org/W2095259316","https://openalex.org/W2095590891","https://openalex.org/W2097001666","https://openalex.org/W2103920488","https://openalex.org/W2104635909","https://openalex.org/W2105384026","https://openalex.org/W2106311471","https://openalex.org/W2108487398","https://openalex.org/W2109797093","https://openalex.org/W2113773273","https://openalex.org/W2118857102","https://openalex.org/W2122090901","https://openalex.org/W2128539833","https://openalex.org/W2135239529","https://openalex.org/W2137973647","https://openalex.org/W2143266176","https://openalex.org/W2144828551","https://openalex.org/W2149302632","https://openalex.org/W2154896750","https://openalex.org/W2157770472","https://openalex.org/W2158987616","https://openalex.org/W2159906027","https://openalex.org/W2161848610","https://openalex.org/W2161914902","https://openalex.org/W2163920778","https://openalex.org/W2170676483","https://openalex.org/W2172046963","https://openalex.org/W2211194111","https://openalex.org/W2229168473","https://openalex.org/W2279293317","https://openalex.org/W2315722591","https://openalex.org/W2317060255","https://openalex.org/W2324303166","https://openalex.org/W2328016714","https://openalex.org/W2404422412","https://openalex.org/W2496533467","https://openalex.org/W2515538704","https://openalex.org/W2518790325","https://openalex.org/W2565813012","https://openalex.org/W2622942920","https://openalex.org/W2790614158","https://openalex.org/W2792717467","https://openalex.org/W2794054165","https://openalex.org/W2808974672","https://openalex.org/W2809133082","https://openalex.org/W2887631041","https://openalex.org/W2889350775","https://openalex.org/W2895441253","https://openalex.org/W2903246807","https://openalex.org/W2906377447","https://openalex.org/W2923656803","https://openalex.org/W2923805839","https://openalex.org/W2924845564","https://openalex.org/W2945947148","https://openalex.org/W2958532943","https://openalex.org/W2964130683","https://openalex.org/W2964610754","https://openalex.org/W2966774462","https://openalex.org/W2972347961","https://openalex.org/W2977871370","https://openalex.org/W2982002219","https://openalex.org/W2991220304","https://openalex.org/W2994988388","https://openalex.org/W3012699620","https://openalex.org/W3021874430","https://openalex.org/W3024851520","https://openalex.org/W3033983800","https://openalex.org/W3044704269","https://openalex.org/W3047079223","https://openalex.org/W3047605696","https://openalex.org/W3048856432","https://openalex.org/W3092158501","https://openalex.org/W3093925163","https://openalex.org/W3095348012","https://openalex.org/W3115349612","https://openalex.org/W3121141348","https://openalex.org/W3125912517","https://openalex.org/W3126070470","https://openalex.org/W3143458973","https://openalex.org/W3149366556","https://openalex.org/W3168319472","https://openalex.org/W3176515843","https://openalex.org/W3184201137","https://openalex.org/W3185444663","https://openalex.org/W3194447424","https://openalex.org/W3195373907","https://openalex.org/W3196992108","https://openalex.org/W3198682197","https://openalex.org/W3199330060","https://openalex.org/W3199408464","https://openalex.org/W3205311073","https://openalex.org/W3206023908","https://openalex.org/W3207424466","https://openalex.org/W3209666748","https://openalex.org/W3209972667","https://openalex.org/W4205266914","https://openalex.org/W4206542671","https://openalex.org/W4206816840","https://openalex.org/W4210968944","https://openalex.org/W4211093906","https://openalex.org/W4211120499","https://openalex.org/W4213179447","https://openalex.org/W4220733547","https://openalex.org/W4223589645","https://openalex.org/W4225832465","https://openalex.org/W4231433908","https://openalex.org/W4236234858","https://openalex.org/W4239983533","https://openalex.org/W4244549177","https://openalex.org/W4280600922","https://openalex.org/W4282601806","https://openalex.org/W4282923070","https://openalex.org/W4285666734","https://openalex.org/W4285806951","https://openalex.org/W4290127738","https://openalex.org/W4290252559","https://openalex.org/W4296389438","https://openalex.org/W4297314327","https://openalex.org/W4307290995","https://openalex.org/W4318142555","https://openalex.org/W4318933965","https://openalex.org/W4321377881","https://openalex.org/W4323036145","https://openalex.org/W4327814751","https://openalex.org/W4327892845","https://openalex.org/W4360806246","https://openalex.org/W4376132839","https://openalex.org/W4382136363","https://openalex.org/W4383875117","https://openalex.org/W4386709823","https://openalex.org/W4387299145","https://openalex.org/W4390886334","https://openalex.org/W4391771296","https://openalex.org/W6853792264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2232916620","https://openalex.org/W112004279","https://openalex.org/W2608125296","https://openalex.org/W839794170","https://openalex.org/W30615334","https://openalex.org/W4255830924","https://openalex.org/W2072195531","https://openalex.org/W2788489027","https://openalex.org/W4399498487","https://openalex.org/W2181604169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vaginitis":[0],"is":[1,21,76,82,132],"the":[2,13,67,84,133,156],"presenting":[3],"symptom":[4],"at":[5],"millions":[6],"of":[7,18,66,105,129,172],"office":[8],"visits":[9],"each":[10],"year":[11],"in":[12,72,147],"United":[14],"States.":[15],"Although":[16],"treatment":[17,30,57,62,75,97,140],"sporadic":[19],"cases":[20,25,71,146],"often":[22],"straightforward,":[23],"recurrent":[24,49,53,118],"present":[26],"both":[27,48],"diagnostic":[28,33],"and":[29,44,52,86,161],"challenges.":[31],"Molecular":[32],"tests":[34],"are":[35,100],"likely":[36,83],"superior":[37],"to":[38,153],"in-office":[39],"microscopy":[40],"for":[41,103,117,138],"most":[42,45],"clinicians":[43],"cases.":[46],"In":[47,70,145],"bacterial":[50,119],"vaginosis":[51],"vulvovaginal":[54,106],"candidiasis,":[55],"national":[56],"guidelines":[58],"recommend":[59],"an":[60],"extended":[61],"duration":[63],"with":[64,125],"one":[65],"first-line":[68],"agents.":[69],"which":[73,139,148],"such":[74,165],"not":[77,101,151],"successful,":[78],"vaginal":[79,109],"boric":[80],"acid":[81],"cheapest":[85],"easiest":[87],"alternative":[88],"option.":[89],"New":[90],"antifungal":[91],"medications":[92],"offer":[93],"additional":[94],"but":[95],"limited":[96],"options.":[98],"Probiotics":[99],"recommended":[102],"prevention":[104],"candidiasis;":[107],"however,":[108],"products":[110],"containing":[111],"Lactobacillus":[112],"crispatus":[113],"may":[114],"have":[115],"promise":[116],"vaginosis.":[120],"Trichomoniasis":[121],"should":[122,158,176],"be":[123,159,177],"treated":[124],"a":[126],"1-week":[127],"course":[128],"metronidazole;":[130],"this":[131],"only":[134],"sexually":[135],"transmitted":[136],"infection":[137],"recommendations":[141],"vary":[142],"by":[143],"sex.":[144],"patients":[149],"do":[150],"respond":[152],"initial":[154],"treatment,":[155],"diagnosis":[157],"reconsidered,":[160],"other":[162],"potential":[163],"causes":[164],"as":[166],"desquamative":[167],"inflammatory":[168],"vaginitis,":[169],"genitourinary":[170],"syndrome":[171],"menopause,":[173],"or":[174],"vulvodynia":[175],"considered.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2024-07-13T00:00:00"}