{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400564240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","title":"Design and Enhancement Low-Level Laser Therapy System for Rheumatoid Arthritis","display_name":"Design and Enhancement Low-Level Laser Therapy System for Rheumatoid Arthritis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400564240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284566","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)","issn_l":"1727-4915","issn":["1727-4915","2221-7630"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103319557","display_name":"Ruaa A. Thajeel","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56409017","display_name":"Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruaa A. Thajeel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering , College of Engineering , Al-Nahrain University , Jadriya , Baghdad , Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , College of Engineering , Al-Nahrain University , Jadriya , Baghdad , Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56409017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111254775","display_name":"Jamal Abduljabar Hasan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":", Jamal A. Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021350289","display_name":"Dunia Tahseen Nema Al-Aridhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-6666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1490-6666"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dunia Tahseen Nema Al-Aridhi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5853,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56971514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11566","display_name":"Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11566","display_name":"Laser Applications in Dentistry and Medicine","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13044","display_name":"Biofield Effects and Biophysics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-level-laser-therapy","display_name":"low-level laser therapy","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rheumatoid-arthritis","display_name":"rheumatoid arthritis","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rat-model","display_name":"rat model","score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-freund-s-adjuvant","display_name":"complete Freund's adjuvant","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser-wavelength","display_name":"laser wavelength","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/650-nm","display_name":"650 nm","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1064-nm","display_name":"1064 nm","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pro-inflammatory-cytokines","display_name":"inflammatory cytokines","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malondialdehyde","display_name":"malondialdehyde","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superoxide-dismutase","display_name":"superoxide dismutase","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paw-edema","display_name":"paw edema","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-medicine","display_name":"complementary and alternative medicine","score":0.5989999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777575956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187255","display_name":"Rheumatoid arthritis","level":2,"score":0.8810856342315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1872556","display_name":"Low level laser therapy","level":4,"score":0.5538991093635559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5354704260826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993195213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851186","display_name":"Laser therapy","level":3,"score":0.46977800130844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.3901209235191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.35836291313171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1268288791179657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11666351556777954}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284566","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)","issn_l":"1727-4915","issn":["1727-4915","2221-7630"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.57239/pjlss-2024-22.1.00265","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387284566","display_name":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)","issn_l":"1727-4915","issn":["1727-4915","2221-7630"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences (PJLSS)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319196","display_name":"Al-Nahrain University","ror":"https://ror.org/05v2p9075"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400564240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400564240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7154686506","https://openalex.org/W92956171","https://openalex.org/W2040943877","https://openalex.org/W3176794260","https://openalex.org/W4318066708","https://openalex.org/W4287131916","https://openalex.org/W2094833160","https://openalex.org/W4386535931","https://openalex.org/W1534181433","https://openalex.org/W2126570895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rheumatoid":[0],"arthritis":[1],"(RA)":[2],"is":[3,17,39,57],"inflammatory":[4],"and":[5,29,99,108,125,130,166,220],"autoimmune":[6],"disease":[7],"has":[8],"a":[9,134,151,175],"high":[10],"prevalence":[11],"in":[12,32,136,155,189,195,204,213,223],"the":[13,42,156,169,181,198],"population,":[14],"while":[15],"therapy":[16,147],"available,":[18],"it":[19],"often":[20],"required":[21],"injection":[22],"of":[23,36,45,146,158,171,192,200],"drugs":[24],"causing":[25],"discomfort":[26],"to":[27,40,65,140,180],"patients":[28],"side":[30],"effect":[31,44,142,212],"most":[33],"cases.The":[34],"purpose":[35],"this":[37],"study":[38,56],"evaluate":[41],"clinical":[43],"low-level-laser-therapy":[46],"(LLLT)":[47],"with":[48,82,89,96,104,207,216,226],"different":[49,196],"wave":[50],"length":[51],"as":[52,178],"an":[53],"alternative":[54],"treatment.This":[55],"case":[58],"control":[59,183],"study.Forty-eight":[60],"male":[61],"rats":[62],"were":[63,128],"separated":[64],"six":[66],"experimental":[67],"groups:":[68],"group":[69,73,78,85,92,100],"I":[70],"(negative":[71],"control),":[72,77],"II":[74],"(RA":[75],"positive":[76,182],"III":[79],"[RA":[80,87,94,102],"treated":[81,88,95,103],"LLLT":[83,90,97,141,201],"650nm],":[84],"IV":[86],"910nm],":[91],"V":[93],"1064nm],":[98],"VI":[101],"methotrexate":[105],"(RA+MTX)].Paw":[106],"measurement":[107,138],"Biochemical":[109],"parameters":[110,161],"for":[111],"all":[112,159],"groups":[113],"[Rheumatoid-factor":[114],"(RF),":[115],"interleukin-6":[116],"(IL":[117],"-6),":[118],"interleukin-1\u03b2":[119],"(IL-1\u03b2),":[120],"tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha":[121],"(TNF-\u03b1),":[122],"malondialdehyde":[123],"(MDA),":[124],"superoxide-dismutase":[126],"(SOD)]":[127],"measured":[129],"analyzed":[131],"statistically.There":[132],"was":[133,150,174],"reduction":[135],"paw":[137],"due":[139],"after":[143],"four":[144],"weeks":[145],"also":[148],"there":[149,173],"noticeable":[152],"significant":[153,176],"decrease":[154],"levels":[157],"biochemical":[160],"(IL-6,":[162],"IL-1":[163],"\u03b2,":[164],"TNF-\u03b1":[165],"MDA":[167],"except":[168],"level":[170],"SOD,":[172],"increase":[177],"compared":[179],"group.LLLT":[184],"effectively":[185],"reduced":[186],"inflammation":[187],"signs":[188],"rat":[190],"model":[191],"CFA":[193],"but":[194],"quantities,":[197],"effects":[199],"appear":[202],"mostly":[203],"Nd:YAG":[205],"laser":[206,215,225],"1064":[208],"nm":[209,218],"wavelength,":[210,219],"intermediate":[211],"diode":[214,224],"910":[217],"less":[221],"effective":[222],"650nm":[227],"wavelength.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2024-07-12T00:00:00"}