{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400534900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","title":"Ethereum 2.0 Hard Fork: Consensus Change and Market Efficiency","display_name":"Ethereum 2.0 Hard Fork: Consensus Change and Market Efficiency","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400534900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","pdf_url":"https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/120956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191631","display_name":"The Journal of British Blockchain Association","issn_l":"2516-3949","issn":["2516-3949","2516-3957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/120956.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103310092","display_name":"Joongho Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4890-377X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4890-377X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130430780","display_name":"Seoul School of Integrated Sciences and Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02xj62754","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joongho Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul Business School, aSSIST University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4890-377X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul Business School, aSSIST University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101430025","display_name":"Eojin Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-2704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-2704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130430780","display_name":"Seoul School of Integrated Sciences and Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/02xj62754","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eojin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Seoul AI School, aSSIST University, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8252-2704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seoul AI School, aSSIST University, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3130430780"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103310093","display_name":"Moonsoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-8549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-8549"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moonsoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["CEO Business School, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-8549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CEO Business School, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103310093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":785,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":962},"apc_paid":{"value":785,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":962},"fwci":3.3031,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91715559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.7919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":0.7919999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.1574999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11270","display_name":"Complex Systems and Time Series Analysis","score":0.00860000029206276,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethereum-2-0","display_name":"Ethereum 2.0","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hard-forks","display_name":"hard forks","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithms","display_name":"consensus algorithms","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work","display_name":"proof-of-work","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-stake","display_name":"proof-of-stake","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-efficiency","display_name":"market efficiency","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-market-hypothesis","display_name":"efficient market hypothesis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency-market","display_name":"cryptocurrency market","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hurst-exponent","display_name":"Hurst exponent","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-memory","display_name":"long-term memory","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethereum","display_name":"Ethereum","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40523978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14675","display_name":"Fork (system call)","level":2,"score":0.8869655132293701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3996118903160095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.06649139523506165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","pdf_url":"https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/120956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191631","display_name":"The Journal of British Blockchain Association","issn_l":"2516-3949","issn":["2516-3949","2516-3957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:db8b9679062b40b2b6b3453009bb939c","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/db8b9679062b40b2b6b3453009bb939c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","doi":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.31585/jbba-7-2-(2)2024","pdf_url":"https://jbba.scholasticahq.com/article/120956.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210191631","display_name":"The Journal of British Blockchain Association","issn_l":"2516-3949","issn":["2516-3949","2516-3957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of The British Blockchain Association","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400534900.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400534900.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1190550","https://openalex.org/W104289402","https://openalex.org/W146830609","https://openalex.org/W1132363618","https://openalex.org/W1773550527","https://openalex.org/W1945560244","https://openalex.org/W1967210573","https://openalex.org/W1984307991","https://openalex.org/W1989188582","https://openalex.org/W2030177986","https://openalex.org/W2059850868","https://openalex.org/W2101350696","https://openalex.org/W2113268670","https://openalex.org/W2113318639","https://openalex.org/W2116988722","https://openalex.org/W2121224351","https://openalex.org/W2131773668","https://openalex.org/W2141952998","https://openalex.org/W2145529143","https://openalex.org/W2185200930","https://openalex.org/W2286163714","https://openalex.org/W2295594229","https://openalex.org/W2335891820","https://openalex.org/W2341760625","https://openalex.org/W2523675164","https://openalex.org/W2523812465","https://openalex.org/W2539680302","https://openalex.org/W2758945826","https://openalex.org/W2758991599","https://openalex.org/W2770019680","https://openalex.org/W2771531125","https://openalex.org/W2792665223","https://openalex.org/W2804947882","https://openalex.org/W2810807736","https://openalex.org/W2820737291","https://openalex.org/W2888245487","https://openalex.org/W2893761851","https://openalex.org/W2896738355","https://openalex.org/W2907379139","https://openalex.org/W2909055311","https://openalex.org/W2913455680","https://openalex.org/W2913952615","https://openalex.org/W2914443561","https://openalex.org/W2947654456","https://openalex.org/W2948651086","https://openalex.org/W2974877641","https://openalex.org/W2976132325","https://openalex.org/W2976745054","https://openalex.org/W2994101749","https://openalex.org/W2995871203","https://openalex.org/W3012561668","https://openalex.org/W3016569868","https://openalex.org/W3016687266","https://openalex.org/W3031628361","https://openalex.org/W3031664652","https://openalex.org/W3036246242","https://openalex.org/W3043846689","https://openalex.org/W3048693785","https://openalex.org/W3049564519","https://openalex.org/W3120806083","https://openalex.org/W3121807111","https://openalex.org/W3122636688","https://openalex.org/W3125334970","https://openalex.org/W3131857340","https://openalex.org/W3137258111","https://openalex.org/W3137978353","https://openalex.org/W3165071334","https://openalex.org/W3182662074","https://openalex.org/W3183210482","https://openalex.org/W3189972220","https://openalex.org/W3195025923","https://openalex.org/W4211202017","https://openalex.org/W4220932073","https://openalex.org/W4225287934","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4288779011","https://openalex.org/W4289816662","https://openalex.org/W4298101783","https://openalex.org/W4309565162","https://openalex.org/W4311903551","https://openalex.org/W4313530013","https://openalex.org/W4313569268","https://openalex.org/W4313582501","https://openalex.org/W4320925482","https://openalex.org/W4376166824","https://openalex.org/W4379386130","https://openalex.org/W4380785413","https://openalex.org/W4383219970","https://openalex.org/W4385875342","https://openalex.org/W4387755064","https://openalex.org/W4407827803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7064206784","https://openalex.org/W4406606690","https://openalex.org/W3125155662","https://openalex.org/W4386328428","https://openalex.org/W4409261673","https://openalex.org/W4411751690","https://openalex.org/W3183210482","https://openalex.org/W2936575728","https://openalex.org/W4403330216","https://openalex.org/W7221538175"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,136],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,13,16,31,41,69,98,105,140],"impact":[4,60],"of":[5,15,107,142],"consensus":[6,143],"mechanism":[7],"changes":[8,74],"on":[9,21,61],"cryptocurrency":[10],"markets":[11],"within":[12],"framework":[14],"efficient":[17],"market":[18,50,62,95,152],"hypothesis,":[19],"focusing":[20],"Ethereum\u2019s":[22,54,76,94,126],"transition":[23],"from":[24,155],"Proof-of-Work":[25],"to":[26,65,104,138],"Proof-of-Stake":[27],"consensus,":[28],"known":[29],"as":[30],"Ethereum":[32,99],"2.0":[33,100],"\u2018The":[34,44,130],"Merge\u2019":[35,45,131],"update.":[36,132],"Two":[37],"main":[38],"hypotheses":[39],"guide":[40],"enquiry:":[42],"(i)":[43],"update":[46],"will":[47,56],"significantly":[48],"enhance":[49],"efficiency":[51,63,96,124],"and":[52,81,113,147],"(ii)":[53],"updates":[55],"have":[57],"a":[58,119],"greater":[59],"compared":[64],"other":[66],"cryptocurrencies.":[67],"Using":[68],"Hurst":[70],"exponent\u2019s":[71],"R/S":[72],"statistic,":[73],"in":[75,93,125,145],"long-term":[77],"memory":[78],"characteristics":[79],"before":[80],"after":[82],"major":[83],"hard":[84,101],"forks":[85],"are":[86],"quantified.":[87],"The":[88],"analysis":[89],"reveals":[90],"substantial":[91],"improvements":[92],"following":[97],"fork,":[102],"attributed":[103],"introduction":[106],"Proof-of-Stake,":[108],"which":[109],"enhanced":[110],"transaction":[111],"speed":[112],"built":[114],"trust.":[115],"These":[116],"findings":[117],"suggest":[118],"positive":[120],"trajectory":[121],"towards":[122],"improved":[123],"market,":[127],"particularly":[128],"with":[129],"In":[133],"conclusion,":[134],"this":[135],"contributes":[137],"understanding":[139],"role":[141],"mechanisms":[144],"cryptocurrencies":[146],"provides":[148],"insights":[149],"into":[150],"future":[151],"trends":[153],"resulting":[154],"such":[156],"changes.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-07-12T00:00:00"}