{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400426798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","title":"Defining the analytical complexity of decision problems under uncertainty based on their pivotal properties","display_name":"Defining the analytical complexity of decision problems under uncertainty based on their pivotal properties","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400426798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39145227","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11323092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071449494","display_name":"Alexander Gutfraind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-2220","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-2220"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311688040","display_name":"Amazon (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mv4n011","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1925986","display_name":"Loyola University Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6x2g63","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1925986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159390","display_name":"Loyola Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/04azs9g49","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Gutfraind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Amazon Web Services, Herndon, Virginia, United States","Department of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States","Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3324-2220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amazon Web Services, Herndon, Virginia, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1925986","https://openalex.org/I4210159390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071449494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311688040","https://openalex.org/I1925986","https://openalex.org/I39422238","https://openalex.org/I4210159390"],"apc_list":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"apc_paid":{"value":1395,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1395},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07598784,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"e2195","last_page":"e2195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.32670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.32670000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14465","display_name":"Leadership, Behavior, and Decision-Making Studies","score":0.2890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.17319999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-analysis-under-uncertainty","display_name":"decision analysis under uncertainty","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complexity-score","display_name":"complexity score","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reversibility","display_name":"reversibility","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-decision-making","display_name":"expert decision-making","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-management","display_name":"risk management","score":0.8500000238418579}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94822996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777902","display_name":"Satisficing","level":2,"score":0.9688088893890381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6809952259063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5907503962516785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5690059661865234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5206609964370728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115988155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3262192","display_name":"Decision problem","level":2,"score":0.49955177307128906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.42955929040908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.39317089319229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2376006543636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1889215111732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1195685863494873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11770987510681152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11224502325057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.06372851133346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11323092","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11323092","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11323092/pdf/peerj-cs-10-2195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Comput Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:39145227","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39145227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ. Computer science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b9908279d0fa4b358ff782d39e608fca","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b9908279d0fa4b358ff782d39e608fca","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science, Vol 10, p e2195 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.2195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178049","display_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","issn_l":"2376-5992","issn":["2376-5992"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320104","host_organization_name":"PeerJ, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320104"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["PeerJ, Inc."],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"PeerJ Computer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000871430","display_name":"Computational modeling for HCV vaccine trial design and optimal vaccine-based combination interventions","funder_award_id":"R01AI158666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400426798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400426798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109036567","https://openalex.org/W158727920","https://openalex.org/W644441850","https://openalex.org/W984927449","https://openalex.org/W1480526195","https://openalex.org/W1531190209","https://openalex.org/W1569229965","https://openalex.org/W1571708455","https://openalex.org/W1591099623","https://openalex.org/W1832104268","https://openalex.org/W1894611935","https://openalex.org/W1964680429","https://openalex.org/W1975739043","https://openalex.org/W1980534953","https://openalex.org/W1982056132","https://openalex.org/W1984386156","https://openalex.org/W2002096420","https://openalex.org/W2025130480","https://openalex.org/W2043278166","https://openalex.org/W2046690910","https://openalex.org/W2069138618","https://openalex.org/W2085739650","https://openalex.org/W2087102863","https://openalex.org/W2089260979","https://openalex.org/W2096924070","https://openalex.org/W2105140195","https://openalex.org/W2113737527","https://openalex.org/W2120423946","https://openalex.org/W2121337044","https://openalex.org/W2129586531","https://openalex.org/W2139984108","https://openalex.org/W2142568711","https://openalex.org/W2148762176","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2155476607","https://openalex.org/W2156866338","https://openalex.org/W2159071801","https://openalex.org/W2169613734","https://openalex.org/W2171242984","https://openalex.org/W2183287171","https://openalex.org/W2247116321","https://openalex.org/W2254046393","https://openalex.org/W2289850517","https://openalex.org/W2331393505","https://openalex.org/W2500050444","https://openalex.org/W2598190385","https://openalex.org/W2730343460","https://openalex.org/W2762339953","https://openalex.org/W2942277712","https://openalex.org/W2949803006","https://openalex.org/W2999760353","https://openalex.org/W3025897679","https://openalex.org/W3118038935","https://openalex.org/W3123331292","https://openalex.org/W3194634981","https://openalex.org/W4205830296","https://openalex.org/W4210893658","https://openalex.org/W4212870640","https://openalex.org/W4231342578","https://openalex.org/W4231759125","https://openalex.org/W4233319239","https://openalex.org/W4236158019","https://openalex.org/W4239532743","https://openalex.org/W4240757550","https://openalex.org/W4246506621","https://openalex.org/W4298227433","https://openalex.org/W4301958211","https://openalex.org/W4324335401","https://openalex.org/W4385568859","https://openalex.org/W4386554726","https://openalex.org/W6601933434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318225297","https://openalex.org/W2605932744","https://openalex.org/W2566545605","https://openalex.org/W2184493793","https://openalex.org/W1586894881","https://openalex.org/W2084121096","https://openalex.org/W7154629718","https://openalex.org/W7156244636","https://openalex.org/W4234913231","https://openalex.org/W4299727265"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Uncertainty":[1],"poses":[2],"a":[3,48,56,68,121],"pervasive":[4],"challenge":[5],"in":[6],"decision":[7,98],"analysis":[8],"and":[9,23,34,91,114],"risk":[10],"management.":[11],"When":[12],"the":[13,129],"problem":[14,122],"is":[15],"poorly":[16],"understood,":[17],"probabilistic":[18],"estimation":[19],"exhibits":[20],"high":[21],"variability":[22],"bias.":[24],"Analysts":[25],"then":[26,124],"utilize":[27],"various":[28],"strategies":[29,36,75],"to":[30,65,76],"find":[31],"satisficing":[32],"solutions,":[33],"these":[35,132],"can":[37],"sometimes":[38],"adequately":[39],"address":[40],"even":[41],"highly":[42],"complex":[43],"problems.":[44],"Previous":[45],"literature":[46],"proposed":[47],"hierarchy":[49],"of":[50,59,120,131],"uncertainty,":[51,79,108],"but":[52],"did":[53],"not":[54],"develop":[55,66],"quantitative":[57],"score":[58,119],"analytical":[60,117],"complexity.":[61],"Methods:":[62],"In":[63],"order":[64],"such":[67,86],"score,":[69],"this":[70],"study":[71],"reviewed":[72],"over":[73],"90":[74],"cope":[77],"with":[78],"including":[80,109],"methods":[81],"utilized":[82],"by":[83],"expert":[84],"decision-makers":[85],"as":[87],"engineers,":[88],"military":[89],"planners":[90],"others.":[92,115],"Results:":[93],"It":[94],"found":[95],"that":[96,103],"many":[97],"problems":[99],"have":[100],"pivotal":[101],"properties":[102],"enable":[104],"their":[105],"solution":[106],"despite":[107],"small":[110],"action":[111],"space,":[112],"reversibility":[113],"The":[116],"complexity":[118],"could":[123],"be":[125],"defined":[126],"based":[127],"on":[128],"availability":[130],"properties.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2024-07-09T00:00:00"}
