{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400213620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","title":"Effect of Raised Flat Bed and Ridge Planting on Wheat Crop Growth and Yield under Varying Soil Moisture Depletions","display_name":"Effect of Raised Flat Bed and Ridge Planting on Wheat Crop Growth and Yield under Varying Soil Moisture Depletions","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400213620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy14071404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050998450","display_name":"Lingdi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-4495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-4495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingdi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113924273","display_name":"Irfan Ahmed Shaikh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-8627","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0793-8627","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9391-6074"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Ahmed Shaikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anees Tunio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anees Tunio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057331029","display_name":"Abdul Rahim Junejo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7338-112X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7338-112X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799809383","display_name":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq9g543","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Rahim Junejo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arid Zone Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Umerkot 69100, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7338-112X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arid Zone Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Umerkot 69100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348496","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-4141","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7857-4141","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7577-1366"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138501","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0313jb750","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147183","display_name":"Farmland Irrigation Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03j2cpb79","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127390","https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210147183","https://openalex.org/I4210151987"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138501","https://openalex.org/I4210147183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018216027","display_name":"Jahangeer Dahri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7462-5476","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7462-5476"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799809383","display_name":"Pakistan Agricultural Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04eq9g543","country_code":"PK","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jahangeer Dahri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arid Zone Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Umerkot 69100, Pakistan","Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arid Zone Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Umerkot 69100, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016637673","display_name":"Munir \u0410hm\u0435d M\u0430ngri\u043e","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munir Ahmed Mangrio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072795636","display_name":"Rajesh Kumar Soothar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-3608","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4403-3608"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Kumar Soothar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037062805","display_name":"Zah\u0435\u0435r Ahm\u0435d Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-3541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-3541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47904161","display_name":"Sindh Agriculture University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s6jxt38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaheer Ahmed Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Farm Structures, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1151-3541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Farm Structures, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47904161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057331029","https://openalex.org/A5113924273"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799809383","https://openalex.org/I47904161"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":3.8999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93753409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"7","first_page":"1404","last_page":"1404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.024700000882148743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12792","display_name":"Soil Management and Crop Yield","score":0.014399999752640724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat","display_name":"wheat","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-depletion","display_name":"soil water depletion","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-water-productivity","display_name":"crop water productivity","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-conservation","display_name":"water conservation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-methods","display_name":"irrigation methods","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield","display_name":"crop yield","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sindh","display_name":"Sindh","score":0.4970000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.7093487977981567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.6772083044052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.6512221097946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.56695955991745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.5404996871948242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.5317662358283997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.5145094394683838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.5012614727020264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.4846837818622589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.42562156915664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4115429222583771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24035993218421936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.21282094717025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16946303844451904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.15621963143348694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy14071404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8117495fea4a4f2eabb4eeac954503e9","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8117495fea4a4f2eabb4eeac954503e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy, Vol 14, Iss 7, p 1404 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/9ewqa-jpr23","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/9ewqa-jpr23","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/9ewqa-jpr23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/k9hd9-xdx72","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/k9hd9-xdx72","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/k9hd9-xdx72","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/agronomy14071404","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14071404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738977497","display_name":"Agronomy","issn_l":"2073-4395","issn":["2073-4395"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6474301676","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFD1900704-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7486481479","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JSTJ-2023-XH029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8413789801","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52109105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W252787123","https://openalex.org/W1995892791","https://openalex.org/W2002709469","https://openalex.org/W2023075902","https://openalex.org/W2035816052","https://openalex.org/W2065230196","https://openalex.org/W2095662637","https://openalex.org/W2103327197","https://openalex.org/W2112908117","https://openalex.org/W2140811754","https://openalex.org/W2183830016","https://openalex.org/W2254936422","https://openalex.org/W2310684155","https://openalex.org/W2474590456","https://openalex.org/W2546090446","https://openalex.org/W2556983117","https://openalex.org/W2609860995","https://openalex.org/W2610885440","https://openalex.org/W3000209467","https://openalex.org/W3025562187","https://openalex.org/W3088149711","https://openalex.org/W3093911802","https://openalex.org/W3127085812","https://openalex.org/W3195382166","https://openalex.org/W3206301374","https://openalex.org/W4205515712","https://openalex.org/W4251894869","https://openalex.org/W4299802306","https://openalex.org/W4323647434","https://openalex.org/W4396702494","https://openalex.org/W4405121934"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3007744664","https://openalex.org/W15373256","https://openalex.org/W7220590825","https://openalex.org/W7141871895","https://openalex.org/W2810194952","https://openalex.org/W304676375","https://openalex.org/W3195382166","https://openalex.org/W2035394082","https://openalex.org/W2904866999","https://openalex.org/W7203582295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Crop":[0],"yields":[1],"remain":[2],"significantly":[3],"low":[4],"in":[5,66],"underdeveloped":[6],"countries,":[7],"such":[8],"as":[9,223],"Pakistan,":[10],"primarily":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,47,148,232,263,343],"the":[14,49,67,90,154,170,204,210,218,240,251,255,268,292,309,314,322,331],"prevalent":[15],"use":[16,36,330],"of":[17,51,58,70,258,279,295,303,340,348],"traditional":[18,219,233],"farming":[19],"methods":[20],"by":[21,244],"most":[22,241],"farmers.":[23],"Resource-saving":[24],"strategies,":[25],"like":[26],"ridge":[27,160,205,252,310,332],"and":[28,38,87,136,153,175,189,206,307,335],"raised":[29,150,207,269,288,315],"flat":[30,102,116,130,151,208,270,289,316],"bed":[31,103,117,131,144,271,317],"systems,":[32],"could":[33],"boost":[34],"water":[35,201,230,276],"efficiency":[37],"production":[39,306],"per":[40],"acre.":[41],"However,":[42],"further":[43],"research":[44],"is":[45,325],"needed":[46],"investigate":[48],"effectiveness":[50],"these":[52],"methods,":[53,209],"along":[54],"with":[55,267],"different":[56,196],"levels":[57],"soil":[59,341],"moisture":[60,342],"depletion":[61,249,339],"(SMD),":[62],"on":[63,321],"wheat":[64,91,215,304,349],"development":[65],"climatic":[68],"conditions":[69],"Sindh":[71,79],"Province.":[72],"Thus,":[73],"field":[74],"trials":[75],"were":[76,156,178,193],"undertaken":[77],"at":[78,195],"Agriculture":[80],"University\u2019s":[81],"Tandojam":[82],"for":[83,214],"two":[84],"years":[85],"(2022":[86],"2023)":[88],"during":[89],"growing":[92],"seasons.":[93],"The":[94,143,236,273],"experiment":[95],"included":[96],"six":[97],"treatments,":[98,169],"viz.,":[99],"T1":[100],"(raised":[101,115,129],"method":[104,110,118,124,132,139,220,312,334],"under":[105,111,119,125,133,140,217,285,299],"40%":[106,112],"depletion),":[107,113,121,127,135],"T2":[108],"(ridge":[109,123,138],"T3":[114],"50%":[120,126],"T4":[122],"T5":[128,237],"60%":[134,141,248,338],"T6":[137],"depletion).":[142],"planter":[145],"was":[146,165,221,283],"employed":[147],"make":[149],"beds,":[152],"ridges":[155],"prepared":[157],"using":[158],"a":[159,224,247,337,345],"planter.":[161],"Wheat":[162],"variety":[163],"(TJ-83)":[164],"sown.":[166],"Under":[167,246],"all":[168],"plant":[171,173],"population,":[172],"height,":[174],"seed":[176],"index":[177],"statistically":[179],"significant":[180],"(p":[181],"<":[182],"0.05),":[183],"although":[184],"spike":[185],"length,":[186],"grain":[187,190,305],"spikes\u22121,":[188],"weight":[191],"spikes\u22121":[192],"non-significant":[194],"SMD":[197],"levels.":[198],"To":[199],"compute":[200],"saving":[202],"through":[203],"recommended":[211,326],"delta":[212],"value":[213],"crops":[216],"used":[222],"benchmark.":[225],"Both":[226],"irrigation":[227,234],"technologies":[228],"conserve":[229],"compared":[231,262],"methods.":[235],"treatment":[238],"conserved":[239],"water,":[242],"followed":[243],"T6.":[245],"level,":[250],"approach":[253],"produced":[254],"highest":[256],"yield":[257,347],"2175":[259],"kg":[260,265,281,297],"ha\u22121,":[261],"601":[264],"ha\u22121":[266],"method.":[272,319],"best":[274],"crop":[275],"productivity":[277],"(CWP)":[278],"1.34":[280],"m\u22123":[282,298],"achieved":[284],"T6,":[286],"whereas":[287],"beds":[290],"attained":[291],"lowest":[293],"CWP":[294],"0.27":[296],"T1.":[300],"In":[301],"terms":[302],"CWP,":[308],"furrow":[311,318,333],"outperformed":[313],"Based":[320],"results,":[323],"it":[324],"that":[327],"farmers":[328],"should":[329],"allow":[336],"obtain":[344],"high":[346],"crops.":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2024-07-02T00:00:00"}