{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400106065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","title":"Variability in treatment effects in an English national dataset of psychological therapies: The relationships between severity, treatment duration, and therapy type","display_name":"Variability in treatment effects in an English national dataset of psychological therapies: The relationships between severity, treatment duration, and therapy type","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400106065","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113871862","display_name":"Journal of Affective Disorders","issn_l":"0165-0327","issn":["0165-0327","1573-2517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Affective Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026719111","display_name":"D. H. Saxon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-8477","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-8477"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Saxon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: d.saxon@sheffield.ac.uk","Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Electronic address: d.saxon@sheffield.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030638943","display_name":"Emma Broglia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-8187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2137-8187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Broglia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021586349","display_name":"Charlie Duncan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-810X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0634-810X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42135075","display_name":"British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy","ror":"https://ror.org/01gjzex58","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42135075"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charlie Duncan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Unit, British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, BACP House, 15 St John's Business Park, Lutterworth, Leicestershire LE17 4HB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Unit, British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, BACP House, 15 St John's Business Park, Lutterworth, Leicestershire LE17 4HB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42135075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067226952","display_name":"Michael Barkham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-6376","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1687-6376"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Barkham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 2LT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026719111"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"],"apc_list":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"apc_paid":{"value":3340,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3340},"fwci":2.1511,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84662302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"362","issue":null,"first_page":"244","last_page":"255"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-behavioral-therapy","display_name":"cognitive behavioral therapy","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-duration","display_name":"treatment duration","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression-severity","display_name":"depression severity","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapy","display_name":"psychotherapy","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-effect-sizes","display_name":"small effect sizes","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.5834639072418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.544359564781189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5402997732162476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020606620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661","display_name":"Treatment modality","level":2,"score":0.5326440334320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781265626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147152","display_name":"Cognitive behavioral therapy","level":3,"score":0.5054059028625488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.48817163705825806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4791652262210846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37287330627441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.25839728116989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18774476647377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003866","descriptor_name":"Depressive Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004739","descriptor_name":"England","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009629","descriptor_name":"Person-Centered Psychotherapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012720","descriptor_name":"Severity of Illness Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015331","descriptor_name":"Cohort Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015928","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113871862","display_name":"Journal of Affective Disorders","issn_l":"0165-0327","issn":["0165-0327","1573-2517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Affective Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38945404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38945404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of affective disorders","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:215254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/215254/1/1-s2.0-S0165032724010474-main-3.pdf","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/215254/1/1-s2.0-S0165032724010474-main-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113871862","display_name":"Journal of Affective Disorders","issn_l":"0165-0327","issn":["0165-0327","1573-2517"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Affective Disorders","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312936","display_name":"British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy","ror":"https://ror.org/01gjzex58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400106065.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400106065.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W434200312","https://openalex.org/W1545342808","https://openalex.org/W1980608765","https://openalex.org/W1994794734","https://openalex.org/W1995422036","https://openalex.org/W1997415161","https://openalex.org/W2043705607","https://openalex.org/W2059796825","https://openalex.org/W2077394112","https://openalex.org/W2094423987","https://openalex.org/W2094838887","https://openalex.org/W2096230543","https://openalex.org/W2112336497","https://openalex.org/W2132322340","https://openalex.org/W2134070978","https://openalex.org/W2152984622","https://openalex.org/W2467476879","https://openalex.org/W2622910293","https://openalex.org/W2784464703","https://openalex.org/W2799560736","https://openalex.org/W2894719682","https://openalex.org/W2967611763","https://openalex.org/W2995545447","https://openalex.org/W3024109844","https://openalex.org/W3038066391","https://openalex.org/W3095945303","https://openalex.org/W3109753436","https://openalex.org/W3115104700","https://openalex.org/W3161319679","https://openalex.org/W4240474028","https://openalex.org/W4253411486","https://openalex.org/W4293445955","https://openalex.org/W4311823226","https://openalex.org/W4383199124","https://openalex.org/W4388219981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410302853","https://openalex.org/W4400921337","https://openalex.org/W7133219550","https://openalex.org/W2622910293","https://openalex.org/W4407676886","https://openalex.org/W6906830564","https://openalex.org/W7210271010","https://openalex.org/W4414448562","https://openalex.org/W135276224","https://openalex.org/W2095322437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Comparisons":[1],"between":[2,22,144,247],"bona":[3],"fide":[4],"psychological":[5],"therapies":[6,145,248],"generally":[7],"report":[8],"no":[9,141],"effects":[10,13,176,185,241],"or":[11,55,166,204,225],"small":[12,107,175],"favoring":[14],"cognitive":[15],"behavioral":[16],"therapy":[17,23,58,222],"(CBT),":[18],"suggesting":[19],"that":[20],"differences":[21,143,246],"modalities":[24],"are":[25],"of":[26,34,91,98,110,128,179],"little":[27],"importance.":[28],"METHODS:":[29],"An":[30],"observational,":[31],"cohort":[32],"study":[33,251],"patients":[35,93,140,152,191],"(N":[36],"=":[37,200,212],"11,116),":[38],"drawn":[39],"from":[40],"the":[41,65,89,96,126,228],"English":[42],"Talking":[43,236],"Therapies":[44,237],"program.":[45],"Patients":[46],"presented":[47],"with":[48,78,159],"depression":[49,100],"and":[50,64,80,82,95,125,137,150,169,195,207,227,249],"were":[51,62,85,146,181,186,193,205],"treated":[52],"by":[53],"CBT":[54,81,170,189],"person-centered":[56],"experiential":[57],"(PCET),":[59],"67":[60],"%":[61],"female":[63],"age":[66],"range":[67],"was":[68,72,154,219],"15-94.":[69],"Multilevel":[70],"modeling":[71],"used":[73],"to":[74,164,234],"identify":[75],"variables":[76],"associated":[77],"outcomes":[79,84],"PCET":[83,160,180],"compared":[86],"dependent":[87],"on":[88,122,221],"number":[90,127],"sessions":[92,129,168,198,210],"attended":[94,132],"severity":[97,124],"their":[99,250],"at":[101,133],"intake.":[102],"RESULTS:":[103],"Although":[104],"overall":[105],"a":[106,155],"effect":[108,119],"size":[109],"0.14":[111],"(0.10,":[112],"0.18)":[113],"favored":[114],"CBT,":[115],"we":[116],"found":[117,187],"differing":[118],"sizes":[120],"depending":[121],"patient":[123],"they":[130],"had":[131,196,208],"outcome.":[134],"For":[135,148],"non-clinical":[136],"moderately":[138],"depressed":[139],"significant":[142],"found.":[147],"moderately-severe":[149,194],"severe":[151,206],"there":[153],"crossover":[156],"in":[157,177],"effectiveness":[158],"more":[161,171],"effective":[162,172],"up":[163],"5":[165],"6":[167],"thereafter.":[173],"However,":[174],"favour":[178],"unreliable.":[182],"The":[183],"largest":[184],"for":[188,190],"who":[192],">10":[197],"(d":[199,211],"0.30,":[201],"0.12,":[202],"0.48)":[203],">12":[209],"0.26":[213],"(0.02,":[214],"0.49).":[215],"LIMITATIONS:":[216],"No":[217],"data":[218],"available":[220],"allocation":[223,254],"decisions":[224],"therapists":[226],"results":[229],"may":[230],"not":[231],"be":[232],"generalizable":[233],"non-NHS":[235],"services.":[238],"CONCLUSIONS:":[239],"Small":[240],"can":[242,252],"mask":[243],"important":[244],"contextual":[245],"inform":[253],"decisions.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2024-06-29T00:00:00"}
